Gastrointestinal Flashcards
The canine esophagus solely contains skeletal muscle while the feline esophagus contains what two types of muscle?
Skeletal and smooth muscle
On dogs and cats, saliva is produced in what 4 major glands?
- Parotid
- Mandibular
- Sublingual
- Zygomatic
All are controlled by the facial nerve and glossophyngeal nerve.
What is the term for ingesta that is mixed with stomach juices and liqueifed?
Chyme.
What time of cells within the stomach produce gastrin in response to ingestion, food, gastric distention, and high protein foods?
G-cells
What does gastrin produce?
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) to aid in the liquifying of food so that is may gradually release into the small intestines.
It also produces gastric mucosal growth.
Besides gastrin, what are two other factors that stimulate gastric secretion and HCl?
- Acetylcholine
- Histamine
What is the MAIN driving force for gastric hydrochloric acid production?
Hydrogen-Potassium (H+/K+) ATPase pump.
Where is cholecystokinin (CCK) produced and what does it result in?
From the I-cells in the small intestines in response to ingestion of high fat meals. It results in gall bladder contraction and pancreatic secretion.
Secretin is produced in the S-cells in the small intestine in response to increased levels of HCl in the duodenum. What does this result in?
Release of bicarbonate and water to dilute and alkalinize the duodenum as necessary.
What factors can contribute to inhibition of gastric emptying?
Distention of the duodenum, duodenal irritation, increased acidity in the duodenum, or increases in cholecystokinin.
*Gastric emptying is promoted by gastric distention and release of gastrin.
The enteric nervous system (ENS) consists of what two types of plexus?
- Myenteric plexus
- Submucosal plexus
What are the myentercic plexus responsible for?
Propulsive intestinal movement
What are the submucosal plexus responsible for?
Intestinal secretions and regulation of regional blood flow.
