Blood Values Flashcards
What is the difference in lactate values required between abdominal effusion and peripheral blood to indicate possible septic peritonitis?
> 2 mmol/L
What is the difference in glucose values required between abdominal effusion and peripheral blood to indicate possible septic peritonitis?
> 20 mg/dL
Acidemia could result in which oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shift?
Right shift
What does the following ABG tell you about this patient?
pH = 7.2
CO2 = 39 mmHg
HCO3- = 15 mEq/L
Metabolic acidosis with no compensation
pH is low or acidotic so the primary problem is acidosis
The CO2 is normal providing no compensation
The bicarbonate is low (following the pH) so it’s causing a metabolic acidosis
What does the following ABG tell us about the patient?
pH = 7.36
CO2 = 55 mmHg
HCO3- = 30 mEq/L
Respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation
The pH is normal (acidic side of normal)
The CO2 is high (also acidic) causing a respiratory acidosis
The bicarbonate is high compensating for the respiratory acidosis. Elevated HCO3- usually occurs due to an elevated CO2.
In this example the ABG must be fully compensated because the pH is still normal. If the pH had not been normal, the ABG would have only been partially compensated.
What does the following ABG tell us about the patient?
pH = 7.36
CO2 = 31 mmHg
HCO3- = 17 mEq/L
Metabolic acidosis with full respiratory alkalosis compensation.
The pH is normal but acidic (fully compensated) so this is a primary acidosis.
The bicarb is also acidotic so it’s a primary metabolic acidosis.
The CO2 is alkalotic which is the OPPOSITE of the primary problems metabolic acidosis, so the CO2 is compensating with a respiratory alkalosis.
IE: to achieve the low CO2 necessary to bring the pH back to normal, patients with a metabolic acidosis will breathe hard and fast (Kussmaul breathing like in DKA).
What does the following ABG tell you about the patient?
pH = 7.5
CO2 = 54 mmHg
HCO3- = 41 mEq/L
Metabolic alkalosis with partial respiratory compensation because the pH still isn’t normal.
pH - primary problem is alkalosis
The bicarbonate is also alkalotic with its a metabolic alkalosis.
The CO2 is acidic which is opposite of the primary problem so it’s compensating but not fully because the pH hasn’t resumed to normal.
What is the blood-to-fluid glucose (BFG) difference that indicates a septic abdomen in dogs?
> 20mg/dL was 100% sensitive and 100% specific for septic peritoneal effusion in dogs.
(In cats it’s 86% sensitive)
What is the blood-to-fluid lactate (BFL) difference indicating a septic abdomen in dogs?
< 2.0 mmol/L was 100% specific and 100% sensitive in the diagnosis of septic peritoneal effusion in dogs.
Define pH
Negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration and is inversely proportional to the H+ concentration.
Normal: 7.35-7.45
Low pH is a high H+ = acidic
High pH is a low H+ = alkalotic
What is SaO2?
Saturation of arterial hemoglobin with oxygen.
N: 90-100
*compare to SpO2
What is PaO2?
Partial pressure of arterial oxygen.
N: 85-100
What is PaCO2?
Partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide.
N: 35-45
*compare to ETCO2 when intubated
What is HCO3?
Bicarbonate and is the major extracellular buffer
N: 20-28 (average 24 — AKA rule of 4s)
What is base excess?
The primary metabolic component.
Can have excess or deficit.
N: +4/-4
CO2 + H2O <—> H2CO3 <—> HCO3- + H+
Acid-Base Flowchart
Stewart’s Strong Ion Approach
