Electrolytes Flashcards
What does SIADH stand for?
A syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (can cause hyponatremia).
What is the safe rate for lowering blood sodium levels in patients with chronic hypernatremia?
0.5-1 mEq/hr
Define osmolaLITY
The concentration of osmotically active particles per kilogram.
The amount of “pull” for water.
Depends on NUMBER and not weight, size, or shape.
1L of water (body fluid) = 1kg
Define osmolaRITY
The concentration of osmotically active particles per liter.
The amount of “pull” for water.
Depends on NUMBER and not weight, size, or shape.
1L of water (body fluid) = 1kg
Hyponatremia is a plasma concentration of what?
< 135 mEq/L
Hyponatremia is only a problem if it is associated with _____________ plasma osmolarity?
Decreased.
Causes of hypocalcemia:
*HARDIONS-G
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Addison’s disease
- Renal disease
- Vitamin D tox
- Idiopathic hypercalcemia of cats
- Osteolytic disease
- Neoplasia
- Spurious
- Granulomatous disease
What is the body’s largest intracellular cations?
K+
Potassium is 99% intracellular with extracellular concentrations around 4mEq/L
Mg2+
Magnesium
Where is most of calcium contained?
99% of calcium is contained within bone leaving 1% of total body calcium available for cellular and biological processes.
Calcium is a cation: Ca2+
List the 3 forms calcium takes in the extracellular fluid?
- Ionized (measured on blood gas)
- Complexed to anions
- Protein bound (specifically to albumin)
What is the body’s major intracellular anion?
Phosphorus
What is the body’s major extracellular cation?
Na+
Sodium
What are the body’s main extracellular anions?
- Cl- Chloride
- HCO3- Bicarbonate
Disorders of potassium related to pH.
Decreased pH = increased K+
Increased pH = decreased K+
