Pharmacology Flashcards
The mechanisms of action for macrolides within the insect or parasite is primarily through stimulation of a receptor site for what neurotransmitter?
Glutamate
Revolution
Selamectin
Panacur
fenbendazole
Immiticide
Melarsomine
Pro-heart 6
moxidectin
albon
sulfadimethoxine
2-PAM
pralidoxime
Nexgard
afoxolaner
Drontel plus
Febantel
Interceptor
Milbemycin
Interceptor
Milbemycin
compounds used to treat protozoa
antiprotozoal
compounds used to treat roundworms
antinematodals
compounds used to treat infections of tapeworms
anticestodal
compounds used to treat flukes
antitrematodals
compounds used to treat various types of helminths
antihelminths
Which natural drug is derived from chrystanthemum flowers?
pyrethrins
Which drug is approved in horses to eliminate the protozoa that causes EPM?
ponazuril
What disease can be produced from overusing glucocorticoid steroids
hyperadrenocorticism
What species has fewer glucocorticoid receptors>
Cats
The function of natural glucocorticoid hormones in the body are which of the following
increases blood glucose
after the insulin receptors on the peripheal tissue cause catabolism of the proteins to their amino acids constituents
The body sytem in which we most commonly see side effects from NSAID use is?
GI system
The body sytem in which we most commonly see side effects from NSAID use is?
GI system
The body sytem in which we most commonly see side effects from NSAID use is?
GI system
Which two type of corticosteroids are produced by the adrenal cortex
minerlocorticoids and glucocorticosteroids
In regards to the ideal paraciticide list three of the fiver characteristics that need to be considered?
price, effectivnes and resistance
In regards to the ideal paraciticide list three of the fiver characteristics that need to be considered?
price, effectivnes and resistance
What considerations need to be kept in mind if patient is receiving both quinolone and oral antacids or sucralfate? How can we modify administration to decrease this affect?
Give four hours apart and always use to reduce absorption of quinolones
Quinolones can adversely affect developing joint cartilage in what type of animal?
young dogs going through rapid growth
Penicillin G
natural
ampicillicin
broad spectrum
piperacillin
extended-spectrum
cloxacillin
penicillinase-restistant
cloxacillin
penicillinase-restistant
cloxacillin
penicillinase-restistant
cloxacillin
penicillinase-restistant
cloxacillin
penicillinase-restistant
Most penicillans are excreted intact without being metabolized by which organ?
kidneys
What does the addition of procaine or benzathine to penicillin do?
extends the activity of the drug
What is true regarding culture and sensitivity
results in the isolation and growth of bacterial strains from infections sites
aids in determining how much drug it would take to kill or inhibit the bacteria
determines which antimicrobials the bacterial strain would be sensitive too
Which of the following opiods are considered full U agonists that blocks the NMDA receptor, that also is least likely to produce vomiting and releases little to no histamine?
methadone
Effects experienced due to U receptors
decreased GI secretions and movments
pupillary changes
respiratory depression
Select all the following facts about the use of propofol
provides affective sedation
produces systemic hypotension
Cats can develop heinz body enemia
Which drug would be used to increase respiratory rate and depth of ventilation by acting on the medulla of the brainstem?
doxapram
What type of reproductive drug is used in cattle to lyse persistant ovarian follicles or follicular cysts through stimulation of LH release?
Gonadorelins
In regards to the canine type 1 _____diabetis mellulitis is the most common type and is the destruction or lack of functional pancreatitis beta cells which result in decreased insulin.
insulin-dependent
Type 2 _____diabetes mellulitis is due to the decreased effectiveness of insulin despite capable pancreatic beta cells.
noninsulin-dependent
Which of the following identifies the type of hypothyroidism that results in lower T3 and T4 hormones with the source of the problem regarding the organ itself?
primary hypothyroidism
Which is true about estrogen?
treat urinary incontinence
DES is example of a compound
can suppress blood cell production by bone marrow leading to aplastic anemia
a hormone that is involved in the growth maturation and release of oocytes from the ovaries
estrogen
produced by the corpus luteum that causes the lining of the uterus to thicken and secrete fluid aid implantation
progesterone
lyses the mature ovarian follicles releases the ova and transforms the ruptured follicle into a corpus luteum
lutenizing hormone
causes the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary
gonadotropin releasing hormone
stimulates the ovaries to produce follicles containing egg cells
follicle stimulating hormone
produced by follicular tissues and serves as a negative feedback mechanism to decrease the release of GnRH and FSH
Inhibin
What is serotonin syndrome and what are signs in patients experiencing it?
Serotonin toxicity
signs are hypertension(high blood pressure) tremors, seizures, altered mental status, hyperthermia
List four treatment options for hyperthyroidism
surgical removal of tumor
injectin or radiation
diet
medication to control hormones
Drugs used to control seizure activity are known as
anticonvulsants
What type of anticonvulsant should not be used in cats because it can cause a type of respiratory syndrome that can resemble asthma
bromides
increased appetite
polyphagic
polydipsic
increased drinking
polyuric
increases urination
A______acting antitussive reduces coughing by suppressing the cough center neurons on the brainstem
centrally
____ acting antitussives reduces coughing by directly soothing the irritated respiratory mucosa initiating the cough
locally
What are the four types of diarrheas and examples?
secretory: enterotoxins
exudative: parvo
motility: large bowel movements
osmotic: EPI
In food animal medicine how are antimicrobials selected for respiratory problems?
based on current disease progression age time of yr history
In food animal medicine how are antimicrobials selected for respiratory problems?
based on current disease progression age time of yr history
Which type of receptor is primarily blocked by maropitant(cerenia)
NK-1 nuerokinin-1
what are the actions of the vomiting center?
produces nausea
causes abdominal pain and stomach contractions
causes vomiting
Apomorphine is less effective as an antiemetic in cats due to cats having fewer dopamine receptors (T/F)
True
Which animals are incapable of vomiting
horses and rabbits
Circular contractions around a small segment of intestines
segmental contractions
contractions that are more in waves to propel food along tract
peristaltic contractions
What is the PH of the stomach
2-3
Inflammation of the stomach
gastritis
Must be absorbed circulating in the blood (example)
systemic (famotadine)
chemically neutralizes (example)
nonsystemic (tums)
Where does the right side of the heart pump blood?
To lungs and back to heart
Where does left side of heart pump to?
the body
Veins carry blood
to the heart
Arteries carry blood
away from the heart
Mimic effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine
adrenergenic agonists
able to bond to receptors but have no instinsic activity
adrenergenic antagonists
the science of how drugs effect the body
pharmacology
how drugs effect the body
pharmokinetics
the study of drugs and their actions
pharmadynamics
Different routes of administration
SQ, IM, IV, IA, PO, ID
