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Veterinary Technician > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

The mechanisms of action for macrolides within the insect or parasite is primarily through stimulation of a receptor site for what neurotransmitter?

A

Glutamate

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2
Q

Revolution

A

Selamectin

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3
Q

Panacur

A

fenbendazole

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4
Q

Immiticide

A

Melarsomine

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5
Q

Pro-heart 6

A

moxidectin

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6
Q

albon

A

sulfadimethoxine

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7
Q

2-PAM

A

pralidoxime

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8
Q

Nexgard

A

afoxolaner

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9
Q

Drontel plus

A

Febantel

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10
Q

Interceptor

A

Milbemycin

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11
Q

Interceptor

A

Milbemycin

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12
Q

compounds used to treat protozoa

A

antiprotozoal

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13
Q

compounds used to treat roundworms

A

antinematodals

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14
Q

compounds used to treat infections of tapeworms

A

anticestodal

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15
Q

compounds used to treat flukes

A

antitrematodals

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16
Q

compounds used to treat various types of helminths

A

antihelminths

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17
Q

Which natural drug is derived from chrystanthemum flowers?

A

pyrethrins

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18
Q

Which drug is approved in horses to eliminate the protozoa that causes EPM?

A

ponazuril

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19
Q

What disease can be produced from overusing glucocorticoid steroids

A

hyperadrenocorticism

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20
Q

What species has fewer glucocorticoid receptors>

A

Cats

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21
Q

The function of natural glucocorticoid hormones in the body are which of the following

A

increases blood glucose

after the insulin receptors on the peripheal tissue cause catabolism of the proteins to their amino acids constituents

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22
Q

The body sytem in which we most commonly see side effects from NSAID use is?

A

GI system

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23
Q

The body sytem in which we most commonly see side effects from NSAID use is?

A

GI system

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23
Q

The body sytem in which we most commonly see side effects from NSAID use is?

A

GI system

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24
Q

Which two type of corticosteroids are produced by the adrenal cortex

A

minerlocorticoids and glucocorticosteroids

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25
Q

In regards to the ideal paraciticide list three of the fiver characteristics that need to be considered?

A

price, effectivnes and resistance

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26
Q

In regards to the ideal paraciticide list three of the fiver characteristics that need to be considered?

A

price, effectivnes and resistance

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27
Q

What considerations need to be kept in mind if patient is receiving both quinolone and oral antacids or sucralfate? How can we modify administration to decrease this affect?

A

Give four hours apart and always use to reduce absorption of quinolones

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28
Q

Quinolones can adversely affect developing joint cartilage in what type of animal?

A

young dogs going through rapid growth

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29
Q

Penicillin G

A

natural

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30
Q

ampicillicin

A

broad spectrum

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31
Q

piperacillin

A

extended-spectrum

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32
Q

cloxacillin

A

penicillinase-restistant

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33
Q

cloxacillin

A

penicillinase-restistant

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34
Q

cloxacillin

A

penicillinase-restistant

34
Q

cloxacillin

A

penicillinase-restistant

34
Q

cloxacillin

A

penicillinase-restistant

35
Q

Most penicillans are excreted intact without being metabolized by which organ?

A

kidneys

36
Q

What does the addition of procaine or benzathine to penicillin do?

A

extends the activity of the drug

37
Q

What is true regarding culture and sensitivity

A

results in the isolation and growth of bacterial strains from infections sites
aids in determining how much drug it would take to kill or inhibit the bacteria
determines which antimicrobials the bacterial strain would be sensitive too

38
Q

Which of the following opiods are considered full U agonists that blocks the NMDA receptor, that also is least likely to produce vomiting and releases little to no histamine?

A

methadone

39
Q

Effects experienced due to U receptors

A

decreased GI secretions and movments
pupillary changes
respiratory depression

40
Q

Select all the following facts about the use of propofol

A

provides affective sedation
produces systemic hypotension
Cats can develop heinz body enemia

41
Q

Which drug would be used to increase respiratory rate and depth of ventilation by acting on the medulla of the brainstem?

A

doxapram

42
Q

What type of reproductive drug is used in cattle to lyse persistant ovarian follicles or follicular cysts through stimulation of LH release?

A

Gonadorelins

43
Q

In regards to the canine type 1 _____diabetis mellulitis is the most common type and is the destruction or lack of functional pancreatitis beta cells which result in decreased insulin.

A

insulin-dependent

44
Q

Type 2 _____diabetes mellulitis is due to the decreased effectiveness of insulin despite capable pancreatic beta cells.

A

noninsulin-dependent

45
Q

Which of the following identifies the type of hypothyroidism that results in lower T3 and T4 hormones with the source of the problem regarding the organ itself?

A

primary hypothyroidism

46
Q

Which is true about estrogen?

A

treat urinary incontinence
DES is example of a compound
can suppress blood cell production by bone marrow leading to aplastic anemia

47
Q

a hormone that is involved in the growth maturation and release of oocytes from the ovaries

A

estrogen

48
Q

produced by the corpus luteum that causes the lining of the uterus to thicken and secrete fluid aid implantation

A

progesterone

49
Q

lyses the mature ovarian follicles releases the ova and transforms the ruptured follicle into a corpus luteum

A

lutenizing hormone

50
Q

causes the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary

A

gonadotropin releasing hormone

51
Q

stimulates the ovaries to produce follicles containing egg cells

A

follicle stimulating hormone

52
Q

produced by follicular tissues and serves as a negative feedback mechanism to decrease the release of GnRH and FSH

A

Inhibin

53
Q

What is serotonin syndrome and what are signs in patients experiencing it?

A

Serotonin toxicity

signs are hypertension(high blood pressure) tremors, seizures, altered mental status, hyperthermia

54
Q

List four treatment options for hyperthyroidism

A

surgical removal of tumor
injectin or radiation
diet
medication to control hormones

55
Q

Drugs used to control seizure activity are known as

A

anticonvulsants

56
Q

What type of anticonvulsant should not be used in cats because it can cause a type of respiratory syndrome that can resemble asthma

A

bromides

57
Q

increased appetite

A

polyphagic

58
Q

polydipsic

A

increased drinking

59
Q

polyuric

A

increases urination

60
Q

A______acting antitussive reduces coughing by suppressing the cough center neurons on the brainstem

A

centrally

61
Q

____ acting antitussives reduces coughing by directly soothing the irritated respiratory mucosa initiating the cough

A

locally

62
Q

What are the four types of diarrheas and examples?

A

secretory: enterotoxins
exudative: parvo
motility: large bowel movements
osmotic: EPI

63
Q

In food animal medicine how are antimicrobials selected for respiratory problems?

A 
based on current disease
progression
age 
time of yr
history
63
Q

In food animal medicine how are antimicrobials selected for respiratory problems?

A 
based on current disease
progression
age 
time of yr
history
64
Q

Which type of receptor is primarily blocked by maropitant(cerenia)

A

NK-1 nuerokinin-1

65
Q

what are the actions of the vomiting center?

A

produces nausea
causes abdominal pain and stomach contractions
causes vomiting

66
Q

Apomorphine is less effective as an antiemetic in cats due to cats having fewer dopamine receptors (T/F)

A

True

67
Q

Which animals are incapable of vomiting

A

horses and rabbits

68
Q

Circular contractions around a small segment of intestines

A

segmental contractions

69
Q

contractions that are more in waves to propel food along tract

A

peristaltic contractions

70
Q

What is the PH of the stomach

A

2-3

71
Q

Inflammation of the stomach

A

gastritis

72
Q

Must be absorbed circulating in the blood (example)

A

systemic (famotadine)

73
Q

chemically neutralizes (example)

A

nonsystemic (tums)

74
Q

Where does the right side of the heart pump blood?

A

To lungs and back to heart

75
Q

Where does left side of heart pump to?

A

the body

76
Q

Veins carry blood

A

to the heart

77
Q

Arteries carry blood

A

away from the heart

78
Q

Mimic effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

adrenergenic agonists

79
Q

able to bond to receptors but have no instinsic activity

A

adrenergenic antagonists

80
Q

the science of how drugs effect the body

A

pharmacology

81
Q

how drugs effect the body

A

pharmokinetics

82
Q

the study of drugs and their actions

A

pharmadynamics

83
Q

Different routes of administration

A

SQ, IM, IV, IA, PO, ID

Veterinary Technician (23 decks)

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