Ovine and Caprine Diseases Flashcards
Anthrax
Bacillus anthracis
Vaccine in the presence of an outbreak.
Big Head
Clostridium noyvi, C. sordellii, C. chauveoi
Head and neck swelling
Bruising and lacerations from head butting
Antibiotics
Black Disease
C. noyvi type B
Necrosis of liver
Vaccine available
Found in soil, organisms have to ingest it, and control of liver fluke infestation is important in preventng disease.
Blackleg
C. chauveoi, sudden death and muscle necrosis, vaccine available
Botulism
C. chauveoi, sudden death and muscle necrosis, vaccine available
Brucellosis
Brucella ovis (sheep) Brucella melitensis (goats, cause abortion in sheep), vaccine with limitations, caused by contaminated feed or water, not treatment, causes Malta fever in humans, ABORTION, in contact with infected cattle, epididymitis in rams, cannot be spread from ewe to ewe (passes in semen)
Caseous Lymphadenitis
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, abscessation of lymph nodes. The organism can gain access through ingestion, mucous membranes superficial wounds, vaccination is controversial.
Chlamydophilosis
Chlamydia psittaci, also known as enzootic abortion in ewes EAE, number one cause of abortion in goats, most common clinical sign is abortion last 2-3 weeks of gestation, vaccines only prevent abortion not disease.
Clostridium Perfringens Infection
Diarrhea, vaccine available, All four types can cause diarrhea, type A is commonly known for diarrhea in neonates, types b and c are also known as lamb dysentery, type c commonly affects goats, and commonly referred to as “struck”, usually affects lambs with highest feed to grain ratios and in best condition.
Foot rot
Fusobacterium necrophorum, Dichelobacter nodosus, lameness, vaccine available
Joint III
Sepsis, primarily occurs in kids, predisposing factors include overcrowding and unsanitary conditions
Leptospirosis
Leptospira species, abortion, reportable disease, vaccine available
Listeriosis
Listeria monocytogenes, neurologic genes and abortion. More prevalent in goats than in sheep or cattle.
Malignant Edema
Clostridium septicum, malaise and edema, vaccine available
Paratuberculosis (Johne Disease)
Mycobacterium avium, chronic diarrhea and malaise
Pinkeye
Moraxella bovis, eye inflammation and irritation vaccine available
Tetanus
Clostridium tetani, severe stiffness, vaccine available
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies
prion, malaise, neurologic, also known as “scrapie” Suffolk are most commonly diagnosed. No treatment.
Vibrosis
Campylobactor jejuni C. fetus, abortion, vaccine available, lives in the intestines of birds, sheep, and dogs, number one cause of abortion in sheep,
Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasma gondii, protozoan, abortion, Aborted tissues may be infectious to humans and should be handled with caution, reduce cat access and clean up abortion tissue
Sheep vaccines
Clostridiums- 4-6 weeks before parturition, never been vaccinated 4 weeks apart with last dose 4-6 weeks before parturtion.
Lepto- only used in high risk herds.
Sore mouth-2m before birth, booster every 5-12m ( live virus can spread up to 8 weeks after vaccine, use in infected herds only)
Foot rot- 4wks before birth and every 4-6m
Rabies- common in pet sheep and endemic areas
E coli- only used in 1-2 day old lamb if diarrhea occurs.
Blue tongue
orbivirus, abortion, noncontagious and effects all ruminants, Culicoides gnat or midge transmit virus, cause ulcerations on mouth, if not aborted lambs are born with hydranenephaly
Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis
retrovirus, pneumonia and neurologic, one of three forms neurologic arthritic, and mastitis, transmitte through clostridium. Kids 1-4m affected by the neurological side.
Contagious Ecthyma
poxvirus, also known as contagious viral pustular dermatitis, orf , sore mouth, scabby mouth, vaccines not recommended for disease free herds, vaccine is live virus, so animals are contagious for up to 8 weeks, highly zoonotic may produce lesions on hands of people.
Foot and mouth disease
Picornaviridae, vesicular disease,
Ovine Progressive Pneumonia
retrovirus, sheep are most commonly infected through milk, and colostrum, goats are rarely infected, coughing, has no treatment.
Entropian
Genetic, Inward rolling of the eyelid, most common in neonatal lambs=.
Freemartinism
male and female twins causing infertility rare in goats and sheep
Hereditary Chondrodysplasia
Genetic, also known as spider lamb primarily affects Suffolk and Hampshire breeds ovine chromosone 6
Metritis
Uterine infection, metritis endometritis, and pyometra are not common in sheep and goats but sometimes after dystocia or retained placenta
Milk fever
decreased calcium, down cow,
Pregnancy toxemia
inadequate caloric intake secondary to to multiple fetuses also known as ketosis
Vaginal prolapse
common in ewes, uncommon in goats, can be repaired with a retainer
Uterine prolapse
dairy cows and ewes
Rectal prolapse
small ruminants rectal prolapse can be corrected with prolapse rings, syringe cases, and platic tubing
Urinary Calculi
dietary, stones in urinary tract, also known as “water belly” most common in males
