Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

nclex > pharmacology > Flashcards

pharmacology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
NCLEX-PN® flashcards NCLEX-RN® flashcards
1
Q

antacids

A

action: bind to acid to decrease it
e. g. magnesium/ aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate

side effects: constipation by aluminum and diarrhea by magnesium

nursing: avoid triggering foods, do not overuse as rebound effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

antidiarrheals

A

action: decreases motility, more water to be absorbed in large intestine to decrease diarrhea
e. g. loperamide/Imodium
nursing: I/O, electrolyte imbalance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

aminoglycosides

A

action: antibiotic that decreases protein synthesis
e. g. -cin

side effects: hypersensitivity reactions

nursing: C+S before starting med to choose right one, client education about completing entire course of antibiotic, nephrotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cephalosporins

A

action: antibiotic that binds to cell wall
e. g. cefazolin/Ancef, cephalexin/Keflex

side effects: hypersensitivity reactions

nursing: C+S before starting med to choose right one, client education about completing entire course of antibiotic, don’t give to penicillin allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

fluoroquinolones

A

action: antibiotic that decreases DNA synthesis
e. g. ciprofloxacin

side effects: hypersensitivity reactions

nursing: C+S before starting med to choose right one, client education about completing entire course of antibiotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

macrolides

A

action: antibiotic that decreases protein synthesis
e. g. Zithromax/azithromycin

side effects: hypersensitivity reactions

nursing: C+S before starting med to choose right one, client education about completing entire course of antibiotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

penicillin

A

action: antibiotic that binds to cell wall
e. g. Amoxil/amoxicillin

side effects: hypersensitivity reactions

nursing: C+S before starting med to choose right one, client education about completing entire course of antibiotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

sulfonamides

A

action: antibiotic that decreases protein synthesis

e.g. doxycycline
side effects: hypersensitivity reactions

nursing: C+S before starting med to choose right one, client education about completing entire course of antibiotic, *PETECHIAE indicates thrombocytopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

anti-infectives

A

action: antibiotic that decreases protein synthesis, DNA synthesis
e. g. metronidazole

side effects: hypersensitivity reactions

nursing: C+S before starting med to choose right one, client education about completing entire course of antibiotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

thrombin inhibitors

A

action: anticoagulant that decreases conversion of prothrombin to thrombin + conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
e. g. heparin
e. g. bleeding, low hgb, thrombocytopenia: low platelet levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

LMWH

A

action: anticoagulant that blocks Xa
e. g. dalteparin/ Fragmin, enoxaparin/Lovenox

side effects: bleeding, low hbg, thrombocytopenia: low platelet levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

clotting factor inhibitor

A

action: anticoagulant that interferes with Vitamin K synthesis
e. g. warfarin/coumadin

side effects: bleeding, low hbg, thrombocytopenia: low platelet levels

nursing: monitor INR/PTT, not for pregnancy, avoid foods rich in vitamin K (e.g. broccoli, cabbage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

anti-platelet

A

action: anticoagulant that inhibits platelet formation
e. g. clopidrogel/Plavix, prasugrel, ticagrelor

side effects: bleeding, low hbg, thrombocytopenia: low platelet levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

antiemetics

A

action: antagonist of 5 HT3 to block serotonin at receptor site to decrease nausea
e. g. ondansetron/Zofran

side effects: dizziness

nursing: give 30-60 mins before chemo, avoid alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

antifungals

A

action: antifungal that stops membrane of fungi from forming
e. g. clotrimazole, nystatin

side effects: toxicity to liver or kidneys

nursing: client education about completing entire course of antifungal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

analgesics

A

action: inhibit prostaglandins to reduce pain and fever
e. g. acetaminophen
e. g. toxic to liver, max dose of 4g in 24 hours from all sources, monitor GI bleeds, avoid alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

NSAID

A

action: inhibit prostaglandins to reduce pain and fever
e. g. ibuprofen/Advil or Motrin), naproxen/ Aleve, celecoxib
nursing: celecoxib has risk of MI, bleeding”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

antihistamines

A

action: blocks histamine to stop allergy
e. g. diphenhydramine/Benadryl, loratidine/Claritin

side effects: blurry vision, sedation, dry mouth, urinary retention

nursing: don’t give if glaucoma, give with food to decrease GI upset, increase salivation with gum/hard candy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

action: decreases release of aldosterone to lower BP
e. g. -pril

side effects: low BP

nursing: VS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

CCB

A

action: causes dilation of coronary arteries to lower BP, decreases entry of Ca into heart cells
e. g. -dipine, diltiazem

side effects: low BP, peripheral edema

nursing: VS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ARB/angiotensin II receptor blockers

A

action: blocks enzyme angiotensin II so that vascoconstriction is inhibited to lower BP
e. g. -sartan

side effects: low BP

nursing: VS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

selective BB

A

action: blocks beta 1/heart receptors to lower BP and HR

e. g. -lol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

non-selective BB

A

action: blocks beta 1/heart and beta 2/pulmonary receptors to lower BP and HR
e. g. -lol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

A

action: antilipidemic that inhibit enzyme HMG-CoA which makes cholesterol
e. g. -statin
nursing: avoid grapefruit juice increases concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

bile acid sequestrants

A

action: antilipidemic binds to cholesterol to lower it
e. g. cholestyramine
nursing: avoid grapefruit juice increases concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

cholesterol absorption inhibitors

A

action: antilipidemic that inhibits absorption of cholesterol in small intestine
e. g. ezetimibe
nursing: avoid grapefruit juice increases concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

antivirals

A

action: decrease DNA synthesis
e. g. -vir
nursing: C+S needed before med started to ensure right one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

antituberculars

A

action: prevents cell wall synthesis
e. g. isoniazid, rifampin
nursing: avoid antacids within 1 hour of isoniazid, orange colour urine with rifampin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

alkylating agent

A

action: antineoplastic that decreases DNA synthesis to prevent growth of abnormal cells

side effects: N+V, hair loss

e.g. -platin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

antimetabolite

A

action: antineoplastic that decreases DNA synthesis + metabolism to prevent growth of abnormal cells

side effects: N+V, hair loss

e.g. methotrexate

31
Q

H2 antagonist

A

action: histamine antagonist to decrease acid
e. g. -tidine
nursing: may increase anticoagulant effects, give 2 hours after other antacids, do not crush

32
Q

PPI

A

action: blocks H+ ions to reduce acid
e. g. -prazole
nursing: may increase anticoagulant effects, give 2 hours after other antacids, do not crush

33
Q

opioids

A

e.g. codeine, fentanyl, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, methadone,
morphine, oxycodone

side effects: decrease RR, sedation, constipation

nursing: monitor for respiratory depression, naloxene should be given, methadone to wean off

34
Q

opioid antagonist

A

action: competitive antagonist for opioid receptor
e. g. naloxone/Narcan

side effects: V fib

nursing: monitor for opioid withdrawal

35
Q

typical antipsychotics

A

for positive symptoms

e.g. haloperidol, prochloroperizine

side effects: EPS/ movement disorders

nursing: administer meds to decrease EPS (clonazepam, diazepam)

36
Q

atypical antipsychotics

A

for negative symptoms

e.g. quetiapine/Seroquel,
risperidone/Risperdal, clozapine

side effects: EPS/ movement disorders, agranulocytosis: low WBC count

nursing: administer meds to decrease EPS (clonazepam, diazepam)

37
Q

antiseizure

A

e. g. gabapentin, phenytoin, valproic acid

nursing: do not stop abruptly as can cause seizures, avoid other depressant meds

38
Q

anti-Alzheimer’s

A

action: increase ACh levels to help ADLs
nursing: client education about how not a cure

39
Q

anti-Parkinson’s

A

action: increase dopamine (e.g. carbidopa-levodopa/Sinemet) or decrease ACh
nursing: do not stop abruptly as can exacerbate Parkinson’s symptoms, dizziness

40
Q

bulk forming laxatives

A

action: stimulates peristalsis
e. g. Metamucil

side effects: cramps

nursing: electrolyte levels, I/O, don’t give if obstruction

41
Q

saline osmotic laxatives

A

action: MOST RAPID ACTING, stimulates
peristalsis

e.g. milk of magnesium, sodium phosphate fleet

side effects: cramps

nursing: electrolyte levels, I/O, don’t give if obstruction

42
Q

stool softeners

A

e.g. docusate sodium/Colace

side effects: cramps

nursing: electrolyte levels, I/O, don’t give if obstruction

43
Q

stimulant laxatives

A

action: irritates to ensure rapid expulsion of contents
e. g. bisacodyl/Dulcolax, senna

side effects: cramps

nursing: electrolyte levels, I/O, don’t give if obstruction

44
Q

sulfonylurea

A

action: stimulates beta cells to release insulin
e. g. glipizide, glyburide

side effect: hypoglycemia

nursing: don’t give if Type 1 diabetic

45
Q

biguanides

A

action: increase sensitivity to insulin
e. g. metformin

side effect: hyperglycemia

nursing: don’t give if Type 1 diabetic

46
Q

meglitinides

A

action: increase release of insulin in pancreas
e. g. repaglinide

side effect: hyperglycemia

nursing: don’t give if Type 1 diabetic

47
Q

benzodiazepines

A

action: increase GABA to sedate
e. g. short-acting: alprazolam/Xanax, medium acting: lorazepam/Ativan, long-acting: clonazepam and diazepam

side effects: delirium

nursing: avoid alcohol

48
Q

nonbarbiturates

A

action: depresses CNS to sedate
e. g. diphenhydramine/Benadryl, zolpidem/Ambien
nursing: avoid alcohol, BARBITURATES NOT USED DUE TO DANGER

49
Q

tricyclic antidepressants/TCA

A

action: decrease reuptake of SE to increase mood in depression
e. g. -triptyline

side effects: weight gain, SI

nursing: client education about trying for at least 2 weeks, due not stop abruptly, not for glaucoma pts

50
Q

MAOI

A

action: decrease reuptake of SE and dopamine to increase mood in depression
e. g. venlafaxine, mirtazapine, phenelzine

side effects: weight gain, SI

nursing: client education about trying for at least 2 weeks, due not stop abruptly, none for glaucoma pts, *can cause hypertensive crisis so avoid foods with tyramine

51
Q

SSRI

A

action: decrease reuptake of SE to increase mood in depression
e. g. citalopram, fluoxetine, Zoloft/sertraline

side effects: weight gain, SI

nursing: client education about trying for at least 2 weeks, due not stop abruptly, NO for glaucoma pts, *CAN CAUSE SEROTONIN SYNDROME: too much or St. John’s Wort can cause fever, diarrhea, seizures, muscle stiff

52
Q

cardiac glycosides

A

action: decrease HR
e. g. digoxin

side effects: decreases HR

nursing: apical pulse before med, loading dose first

53
Q

cardiac stimulations

A

action: increase HR by stimulating beta cells
e. g. NE/Levophed

side effects: increased HR

nursing: ECG if giving IV

54
Q

coronary vasodilators

A

vasodilates for chest pain

e.g. nitro, nifedipine

side effects: low BP

nursing: spray nitro under tongue, avoid sudden standing

55
Q

xanthines

A

action: dilates bronchial muscles to help SOB
e. g. theophylline

side effects: dry mouth

nursing: use bronchodilator first, wait at least 1 minute between inhalers, fluids for dry mouth and wash away extra medication to avoid thrush/white patches, only use one anticholinergic, short-acting for symptom relief

56
Q

anticholinergics

A

action: affect ACh receptors to help SOB for 24 hours (long-acting) for COPD
e. g. ipratropium/ Atrovent (short-acting) tiotropium/Spiriva (long-acting), umeclidinium (long-acting), Ventolin/albuterol (short-acting)

side effects: dry mouth

nursing: use bronchodilator first, wait at least 1 minute between inhalers, fluids for dry mouth and wash away extra medication to avoid thrush, only use one anticholinergic, can increase HR

57
Q

leukotriene receptor antagonists

A

e.g. Singulair

side effects: dry mouth

nursing: use bronchodilator first, wait at least 1 minute between inhalers, fluids for dry mouth and wash away extra medication to avoid thrush, only use one anticholinergic

58
Q

inhaled steroids

A

action: steroid to reduce inflammation of airway
e. g. -sone (e.g. Flovent/fluticasone), budesonide

side effects: dry mouth

nursing: use bronchodilator first, wait at least 1 minute between inhalers, fluids for dry mouth and wash away extra medication to avoid thrush, only use one anticholinergic, steroids are long-acting

59
Q

potassium channel blocker

A

action: decreases HR

e. g. amiodarone

60
Q

calcium ion antagonist

A

action: decreases HR

e. g. lidocaine

61
Q

thiazide diuretic

A

action: decreases absorption in kidneys
e. g. hydrochlorothiazide, metolazone

side effects: low BP, dehydration

nursing: monitor electrolyte levels (*ESPECIALLY POTASSIUM), give in morning to avoid pt discomfort during night, instruct pt to not suddenly get up

62
Q

loop diuretic

A

action: decreases absorption in kidneys
e. g. furosemide/Lasix

side effects: low BP, dehydration

nursing: monitor electrolyte levels (*ESPECIALLY POTASSIUM), give in morning to avoid pt discomfort during night, instruct pt to not suddenly get up

63
Q

potassium sparing diuretic

A

action: decreases absorption BUT RETAINS POTASSIUM
e. g. spironolactone

side effects: low BP, dehydration

nursing: monitor electrolyte levels (*ESPECIALLY POTASSIUM), give in morning to avoid pt discomfort during night, instruct pt to not suddenly get up

64
Q

therapeutic medication levels

A

acetaminophen: 10-30 mcg/mL
carbamazepine: 5-12 mcg/mL
digoxin: 0.5-2 ng/mL
gentamicin: 5-10 mcg/mL
lithium: 0.5-1.2 mEq/L
magnesium sulfate: 4-7 mg/dL
phenobarbital: 10-30 mcg/mL
phenytoin: 10-20 mcg/mL
salicylate: 100-250 mcg/mL
valproic acid: 50-100 mcg/mL

65
Q

isotonic

A

action: no change

e. g. 0.9% NS, D5W, lactated ringers

66
Q

hypotonic

A

action: causes water to enter cells for diseases like low BP
e. g. 0.45% NS, 0.33% NS

side effects: edema

67
Q

hypertonic

A

action: water is removed from cells for diseases like high BP
e. g. 3% NS, 5% NS, D10W, D5W with ½ NS, D5LR

68
Q

colloid

A

action: goes to intravascular compartment, severe hypovolemia
e. g. dextran, albumin

69
Q

alcoholism meds

A

action: increases sensitivity to alcohol so unpleasant side effects can occur to help you abstain from alcohol
e. g. disulfiram
nursing: hidden sources of alcohol as could be fatal (e.g. cold medicine, mouthwash, cologne, aftershave, sauces), alcohol should be avoided after 2 weeks after stopping therapy, bracelet that alerts you are on this medication

70
Q

ADHD meds

A

e.g. methamphetamine, methylphenidate

71
Q

ECT

A

action: causes seizure to help with depression

side effects: confusion, memory loss

nursing: NPO at midnight, no driving during course of treatment, NO anti-seizure meds, unconscious during procedure (anesthesia + muscle relaxant)

72
Q

antidotes

A 
warfarin --> vit k
heparin --> protamine sulfate
opioid overdose --> naloxone
digoxin --> Digibind
magnesium --> calcium gluconate
Tylenol --> n-acetylcysteine
benzodiazepine --> flumazenil
cholinergic crisis --> atropine sulfate
73
Q

immunosuppressant

A

action: suppresses immune system to slow growth of cancer cells for cancer
e. g. cyclophosphamide/Cytoxan

side effects: N+V, bloody urine

74
Q

bladder meds

A

e.g. solifenacin

side effects: dry mouth

nclex (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions