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nclex > msk system > Flashcards

msk system Flashcards

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1
Q

strain

A

muscle gets stretched

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2
Q

nursing for strain

A

cold/heat application, exercise, meds (pain)

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3
Q

sprain

A

stretching of ligament

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4
Q

nursing for sprain

A

rest, ice, elevation, cast

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5
Q

simple fracture

A

skin over fracture is intact

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6
Q

open fracture

A

skin over fracture is not intact and bone is exposed

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7
Q

complete fracture

A

bone is broken into 2 parts

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8
Q

compression fracture

A

bone is compressed by other bone

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9
Q

greenstick fracture

A

one side of bone broken, other side broken

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10
Q

impacted bone fracture

A

one bone into another bone

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11
Q

incomplete fracture

A

crack in bone

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12
Q

oblique fracture

A

break is on an angle

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13
Q

tranverse fracture

A

break is straight across bone

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14
Q

pathological fracture

A

break in bone due to disease

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15
Q

treatment for fractures

A

cast, Buck’s traction, open or closed reduction, internal or external fixation

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16
Q

Buck’s Traction

A

proper alignment of bone

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17
Q

nursing for Buck’s Traction

A

instruct pt not to do heavy lifting, ensure proper alignment, elevate foot of bed

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18
Q

open reduction

A

surgery to put bone back together

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19
Q

closed reduction

A

put bone back together without surgery to allow to grow back naturally

20
Q

complications of fractures

A

emboli, compartment syndrome, infection, avascular necrosis

21
Q

nursing for fractures

A

immobilize, monitor NV

22
Q

nursing for casts

A

keep elevate, allow up to 3 days for cast to dry, don’t use heat on cast, monitor for infection, keep clean, turn affected area to allow air circulation

23
Q

nursing for crutches

A

when ambulating put pressure on affected side, if numbness in upper extremities do not ambulate

24
Q

compartment syndrome

A

pressure increases in an area and can cause damage to muscle

25
Q

s/s of compartment syndrome

A

5 P’s: pain, pale, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis

26
Q

nursing for compartment syndrome

A

notify doctor as irreversible after 4-6 hours, fasciotomy to relieve pressure build-up, loosen cast

27
Q

fat embolism

A

can occur after fracture

28
Q

what bone more likely to have complication of fat embolism?

A

long bone

29
Q

s/s of fat embolism

A

SOB, change in LOC, low BP, high HR

30
Q

nursing for fat embolism

A

O2, IV fluids, monitor resp

31
Q

avascular necrosis

A

when fracture disrupts blood flow to bone leading to death of bone

32
Q

gout

A

urate crystals in joints

33
Q

cause of gout

A

high uric acid in body

34
Q

s/s of gout

A

pain, hardness at area,

35
Q

nursing for gout

A

low purine diet, high fluid intake, no alcohol, heat/cold application for pain

36
Q

low purine diet

A

no organ meats, no wine, no cheese

37
Q

risk for osteoporosis

A

smoking, earlier menopause, alcohol use, family history, female, higher age, low calcium intake, sedentery life, small frame, race of white or asian

38
Q

nursing for amputation

A

monitor bleeding, client education about phantom limb pain, do not elevate amputated on pillow, elevate foot of bed to reduce edema for first 24 hours and then after keep flat to avoid contracture

39
Q

nursing for hip surgery post op

A

monitor for hemorrhage, avoid weight bearing or too much activity on that hip, monitor NV status of side of hip

40
Q

RA

A

chronic inflammation which destroys connective tissue

41
Q

nursing for RA

A

rheumatoid factor blood test to diagnose, exercise, avoid weight bearing on that area, PT/OT,

42
Q

OA

A

deterioration of articular cartilage in peripheral and axial joints

43
Q

s/s of OA

A

pain increases with activity, increases when temperature changes, Heberden’s nodes: bumps on joint closest to fingernail, Bouchard’s node: bumps on middle joint

44
Q

nursing for OA

A

meds (pain, corticosteroid), cold application,

45
Q

fall prevention

A

orient to room, teach how to use call bell, keep bed in lowest position, raise 3 of 4 side rails, lock wheels on all equipment, keep floor dry, wear slip resistant footwear, stay with pt during shower

46
Q

deep tendon reflexes

A 
0 = no response
1+ = diminished
2+ = active/normal
3+ = slightly hyperactive
4+ = hyperactive
47
Q

ambulating with cane on stairs

A

going up stairs:
strong leg –> cane –> weak leg

going down stairs: cane –> weak leg –> strong leg

*cane always before weak leg

nclex (17 decks)

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