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cardiac Flashcards

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1
Q

types of chest pain

A

stable, unstable, variant

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2
Q

stable chest pain

A

with activity, relieved with nitro or rest

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3
Q

unstable chest pain

A

unpredictable, may or may not be relieved with nitro

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4
Q

variant chest pain

A

due to coronary artery spasm, may occur at rest

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5
Q

s/s of MI

A

chest pain, sweating, SOB, anxiety

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6
Q

types of MI

A

ST and non-STI

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7
Q

s/s of MI for females

A

tired, indigestion, shoulder/jaw pain

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8
Q

nursing for MI

A

ABC, VS, ECG, cardiac marker bloodwork, O2, nitro, morphine

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9
Q

PCI

A

catheter inserted into femoral or radial vein and advanced into the pulmonary artery to see blockage

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10
Q

peripheral arterial disease

A

atherosclerosis causes decreased blood flow to lower extremities

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11
Q

s/s of peripheral arterial disease

A

muscle pain, hair loss, decreased

pulses, cool skin, dry skin

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12
Q

coronary artery disease

A

narrowing of a coronary artery due to

atherosclerosis

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13
Q

s/s of coronary artery disease

A

chest pain, SOB, fatigue

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14
Q

meds for mechanical valves are

A

lifetime anticoagulant therapy to avoid clot

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15
Q

pacemaker

A

provides electrical stimulation to maintain heart rate when pt’s intrinsic pacemaker (SA node) cannot

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16
Q

nursing after pacemaker surgery

A

monitor bleeding, no cellphone over site, no MRI, microwaves are safe, avoid heavy lifting

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17
Q

types of congestive heart failure

A

left and right

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18
Q

left sided congestive heart failure

A

fluid in lungs, SOB, high RR, crackles

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19
Q

right sided congestive heart failure

A

edema in peripheries, weight gain, JVD

20
Q

nursing for congestive heart failure

A

O2, diuretics, I/O, restrict diet, monitor daily weight

21
Q

mean arterial pressure

A

average pressure in systemic circulation, SBP + (DBP x 2) /3

22
Q

normal MAP

A

60-70

23
Q

central venous pressure

A

R ventricular preload

24
Q

normal central venous pressure

A

2-8 mmHg

25
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

fluid in the pericardium

26
Q

s/s of cardiac tamponade

A

pulsus paradoxus: drop in BP by more than 10 mmHg when inspiration, high CVP, JVD, clear lungs, muffled heart sounds, low CO

27
Q

nursing for cardiac tamponade

A

IV fluids, pericardiocentesis

28
Q

s/s of pericarditis

A

chest pain, fever

29
Q

how pericarditis diagnosed?

A

pericardial friction rub, sounds like leather rubbing against leather

30
Q

where to do pericardial friction rub?

A

image

31
Q

ecg of pericarditis

A

ST elevation in all leads

32
Q

JVD

A

neck vein is bulging out

33
Q

DVT

A

warm skin, leg pain, swelling

34
Q

risk factors for DVT

A

Virchow’s triad

35
Q

Virchow’s triad

A

venous stasis: gathering of blood in veins, vein damage. lots of coagulation

36
Q

nursing for DVT

A

elevate, don’t put pillow or massage or sit too long, anti embolism stockings, warm compress, meds (antithrombolytics)

37
Q

nursing for pericarditis

A

elevate HOB to 30-40, meds (pain, antibiotics), monitor for tamponade

38
Q

myocarditis

A

fever, murmur

39
Q

nursing for myocarditis

A

O2, meds (pain anti-dysrhythmics, antibiotics)

40
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of inner lining

41
Q

s/s of endocarditis

A

fever, murmur, clubbing

42
Q

nursing for endocarditis

A

meds (antibiotics)

43
Q

causes of clots

A

venous stasis, hypercoagulability, vein damage, pregnancy, UC, birth control, oral contraceptive use, fractures as stops blood flow

44
Q

hypertension

A

normal BP:
SBP 120/80

pre-hypertension: SBP 120-139
DBP 80-89

Stage 1 hypertension:
SBP 140-159
DBP 90-99

Stage 2 hypertension:
SBP > 160
DBP >100

hypertensive crisis:
SBP > 180
DBP > 120

45
Q

electrical conduction of heart

A

SA node:
main pacemaker that makes every heartbeat, keeps 60-100 bpm

AV node:
if does not receive electrical conduction from SA node, then makes 40-60 bpm by itself

Bundle of His: has left and right branch in the ventricles,
if does not receive electrical conduction from SA or AV nodes, then makes 20-40 bpm by itself

nclex (17 decks)

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