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nclex > GI system > Flashcards

GI system Flashcards

1
Q

retroperitoneal hemorrhage

A

low BP, back pain, Grey-Turner sign: bruising of the flanks, hematoma

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2
Q

nursing for colostomy

A

keep liquid stool from leaking out as digestive enzymes are irritating, change bag q5-10 days, increase fluid intake, empty bag when 1/3 full

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3
Q

UC

A

chronic inflammation leading to poor absorption of nutrients in rectum

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4
Q

s/s of UC

A

mucus in stool, bloody diarrhea

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5
Q

nursing for UC

A

NPO, IV fluids, monitor stools, low fiber diet, supplements

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6
Q

Chron’s

A

inflammation in GI tract

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7
Q

nursing for Chron’s

A

NPO, IV fluids, monitor stools, low fiber diet, supplements

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8
Q

s/s of bowel perforation

A

guarding, pain, distending

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9
Q

nursing for GERD

A

peppermint, chocolate, coffee, fried foods, carbonated drinks, and alcohol

meds (antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, or PPIs)

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10
Q

diverticulitis

A

pouches in GI tract get infected

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11
Q

nursing for diverticulitis

A

clear liquid, meds (antibiotics)

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12
Q

diverticulosis

A

pouches in GI tract

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13
Q

s/s of diverticulosis

A

no symptoms and no treatment needed

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14
Q

if peptic ulcer disease is gastric

A

vomiting of blood

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15
Q

if peptic ulcer disease is duodenal

A

melena stool

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16
Q

esophageal varices

A

enlarged veins in esophagus

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17
Q

nursing for esophageal varices

A

monitor for hemorrhage as is life-threatening

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18
Q

nursing for enteral feeding

A

ensure HOB 30-45 degrees pre and post, tube flushes pre and post, assess bowels

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19
Q

paracentesis

A

removal of fluid from peritoneal cavity

done at beside when pt edge of bed sitting up

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20
Q

nursing for paracentesis

A

ensure weight, pt voided, up position BEFORE

dry, sterile dressing and measure fluid removed AFTER

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21
Q

colonoscopy

A

lining of large intestine examine

pt on L side lying down knees to chest

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22
Q

nursing for colonoscopy

A

clear liquid diet day before, meds (cleanse colon), NPO for procedure

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23
Q

ERCP/endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

A

camera down esophagus to see liver, pancreas, etc.

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24
Q

nursing for ERCP

A

NPO BEFORE

ensure gag reflex AFTER

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25
Q

nursing for dysphagia

A

thickened liquids, HOB 30-45, swallow twice before next bite, avoid OTC cold medications as decreases saliva

26
Q

types of gastritis

A

acute and chronic

27
Q

acute gastritis

A

stomach inflammation due to contaminated food

28
Q

chronic gastritis

A

Vitamin B12 deficiency

29
Q

nursing for

chronic gastritis

A

NPO, avoid irritating foods, meds (antibiotics, antacids)

30
Q

dumping syndrome

A

emptying of gastric content

31
Q

s/s of dumping syndrome

A

usually 30 mins after eating

32
Q

nursing for dumping syndrome

A

small meals, avoid fluids while eating, avoid irritating foods, high protein + fat and low carbs

33
Q

types of cholecystitis

A

acute and chronic

34
Q

acute cholescystitis

A

associated with gallstones

35
Q

chronic cholecystitis

A

due to problems in emptying

36
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of gallbladder

37
Q

s/s of cholecystitis

A

RUQ pain, guarding, jaundice, orange urine, fat

+ clay-coloured stool, Murphy’s sign: hard to breathe when press down

38
Q

nursing for cholecystitis

A

NPO, eat small meals, low fat meals

39
Q

cirrhosis

A

destruction of hepatocytes leads to scar tissue

40
Q

complications of cirrhosis

A

portal hypertension, ascites, esophageal varices, jaundice because liver cannot make bilirubin, portal systemic encephalopathy because liver cannot detoxify ammonia which is a neurotoxic agent

41
Q

nursing for cirrhosis

A

meds (supplements, diuretics for ascites, antibiotics + lactulose to decrease ammonia), limit fluids, limit sodium, enteral/parenteral feeding, avoid opioids + alcohol, monitor ammonia levels, LOC, weight patients

42
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of appendix, DANGEROUS as can lead to sepsis

43
Q

s/s of appendicitis

A

RLQ pain, guarding

44
Q

nursing for appendicitis

A

NPO, IV fluids, DO NOT apply heat or palpate abdomen as can cause rupture, ice packs,, avoid laxatives

45
Q

nursing for constipation

A

exercise as increases peristalsis, high fiber diet to soften stool, fluids, avoid caffeine

46
Q

IBS

A

chronic inflammation

47
Q

s/s of IBS

A

++++ diarrheic

48
Q

nursing for IBS

A

monitor hgb, I/O

49
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of pancreas

50
Q

s/s of pancreatitis

A

greasy stools, Cullen’s sign: discolored abdomen, Turner’s sign: blue flank

51
Q

why should you not stop TPN abruptly?

A

can cause hypoglycemia

52
Q

nursing for TPN

A

monitor BS

53
Q

large bowel obstruction

A

COMPLETE constipation, no flatulence

54
Q

nursing for small and large bowel obstruction

A

NPO, NG tube, IV fluids, meds for pain management

55
Q

paralytic ileus

A

halting of peristalsis for 1-2 days after bowel procedure

no bowel sounds should be able to auscultated

56
Q

stool types

A

black stool –> upper GI bleed
bright red –> lower GI bleed
blood on surface of stool –> hemorrhoids

57
Q

stages of hepatitis

A

pre-icteric – flu-like symptoms

icteric – jaundice, elevated bilirubin, dark urine

post-icteric: back to normal

58
Q

types of hepatitis

A

VOWELS ARE IN THE BOWELS

A, E: fecal to oral transmission
B,C: blood or sex transmission
D: NEED B TO HAVE D

59
Q

nursing for hepatitis

A

hand hygiene, pt should be in own room, avoid alcohol, high carb + low fat meals, pt cannot donate blood, HCP should be aware of needle sticks, vaccinate

60
Q

what enzymes released when damage to liver?

A

ALT and AST

nclex (17 decks)

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