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nclex > maternity > Flashcards

maternity Flashcards

1
Q

gestation

A

time from fertilization until birth of baby

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2
Q

Nagele’s rule

A

first day of last menstrual period - 3 months + 7 days + 1 year = estimate date of delivery

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3
Q

gravida

A

pregnant woman

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4
Q

gravidity

A

of pregnancies

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5
Q

nulligravida

A

woman who’s never been pregnant

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6
Q

primigravida

A

pregnant for first time

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7
Q

multigravida

A

2nd pregnancy or later

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8
Q

parity

A

of births past 20 weeks gestation

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9
Q

nullipara

A

not had birth past 20 weeks gestation

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10
Q

primipara

A

has had at least 1 birth past 20 weeks gestation

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11
Q

GTPAL

A

gravida, preterm births, abortions/miscarriages, current living children

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12
Q

pregnancy signs: presumptive

A

amenorrhea/no period, breast enlargement and tenderness, tired, N + V, quickening, ++ urinary frequency

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13
Q

quickening

A

first movement of fetus

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14
Q

pregnancy signs: probable

A

ballottement, Braxton Hicks contractions, Chadwick’s sign, Hegar’s sign, positive pregnancy test, abdominal and uterine enlargement

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15
Q

ballottement

A

fetal movement in response to tapping lower uterus

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16
Q

Chadwick’s sign

A

light pink-deep violet vaginal wall colour

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17
Q

Hegar’s sign

A

softening of cervix

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18
Q

pregnancy signs: positive signs

A

fetal heartbeat. fetal movement. US findings

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19
Q

fundal height

A

used to measure gestational age of fetus in 2nd and 3rd trimester

fundal height (cm) = fetal age in wks +/- 2 cm

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20
Q

pregnancy changes: cardiovascular

A

heart displaced up,

increased blood volume, HR, BP, RBC

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21
Q

pregnancy changes: GI

A

displacement of intestines, N +V, hemorrhoids, constipation

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22
Q

pregnancy changes: endocrine

A

increased BMR, prolactin, estrogen, and cortisol levels

decreased insulin production

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23
Q

pregnancy changes: resp

A

compression of lungs, displacement of diaphragm, abdominal breathing, increased RR

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24
Q

pregnancy changes: IG

A

high sweating, pigmentation

stretch marks

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25
Q

pregnancy changes: GU

A

dilated uterus, sodium retention

increased renal function

decreased bladder tone

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26
Q

why increased renal function?

A

increased urea and creatinine clearance

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27
Q

why folic acid?

A

neural tube defect

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28
Q

nonstress test

A

noninvasive test to measure fetal heart accelerations in response to fetal movement between 32-34 weeks gestation

nonreactive result = non-normal (blood flow and oxygen to fetus is not adequate)

reactive result = normal (blood flow and oxygen to fetus is adequate)

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29
Q

what to do with nonreactive result?

A

further testing is needed

result may be due to sleep, maternal prescription drugs, etc.

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30
Q

stress test

A

triggers contractions and predicts how baby will react during labour

fetal HR slows during contraction = positive result (fetus cannot tolerate contractions, further testing

fetal HR does not slow during contraction = normal (fetus can tolerate contractions)

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31
Q

pregnancy visits

A

visit doctor every 4 weeks for first 28-32 weeks

every 2 weeks from 32-36 weeks

and every week from 36-40 weeks

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32
Q

stages of labour: first stage

A

true labour –> full 10 cm dilation of cervix

2-18 hours

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33
Q

stages of labour: second stage

A

full 10 cm dilation of cervix –> delivery of baby

40 minutes

34
Q

stages of labour: third stage

A

delivery of placenta

5-30 minutes

35
Q

stages of labour: fourth stage

A

maternal-neonatal bonding period

1-4 hours

36
Q

what are the 3 phases of first stage of labour?

A

latent, active, and transitional phase

37
Q

latent phase

A

0-3cm dilation of cervix, varying times of contractions

38
Q

cervical effacement

A

thinning of cervix

39
Q

active phase

A

4-7cm dilation of cervix, contractions 5-8 minutes apart, cervical effacement

40
Q

transitional phase

A

8-10cm cervix dilated, 1-2 minute apart contractions that has 60-90 seconds each

41
Q

types of presentation of baby

A

cephalic, breech, shoulder

42
Q

cephalic presentation

A

head first

43
Q

breech presentation

A

bottom first

44
Q

which presentations of baby may require C section?

A

breech, shoulder

45
Q

station of baby

A

descent in cm above or below midplane

46
Q

types of station

A

0, minus, plus

47
Q

0

A

at ischial spine

48
Q

minus

A

above ischial spine

49
Q

plus

A

below ischial spine

50
Q

true labour

A

contractions that become stronger + longer + closer together

cervical dilation + effacement

descent of fetus

51
Q

false labor

A

irregular contractions

no dilation or effacement

no descent of fetus

52
Q

how to help false labour?

53
Q

preterm labour

A

after 20th week but before 37th week of gestation

54
Q

use of Leopold’s Maneuver

A

determine presentation and position of baby through palpation

55
Q

types of Leopold’s Maneuver

A

head, bottom, and back

56
Q

nursing for abnormal fetal heart rate

A

change position of mother to L side, O2, stop Pitocin/synthetic oxytocin, increase IV fluids, VS of mother

57
Q

fetal acceleration

A

brief increase in FHR for 15 seconds usually due to movement

normal

58
Q

early decelerations

A

decrease in FHR during contractions due to head compression

normal

59
Q

late decelerations

A

decrease in FHR after the contraction due to placental insufficiency

NOT normal

60
Q

variable decelerations

A

due to umbillical cord compression

intervention needed if FHR is <70 bpm for more than 60 seconds

61
Q

s/s of premature rupture of membranes

A

fluid pooling, + nitrazine test

62
Q

nursing for premature rupture of membranes

A

monitor for infection, no vaginal exams, meds (antibiotics)

63
Q

prolapsed umbilical cord

A

compression of cord that affects circulation to fetus

64
Q

s/s of prolapsed umbilical cord

A

visible/palpable cord, slow FHR, variable decelerations

65
Q

nursing priority of prolapsed umbilical cord

A

elevate fetus lying on cord, place mother into Trendelenburg/feet higher than head, O2, monitor FHR, IV fluids, prepare for birth

66
Q

APGAR

A

*see phone pic

67
Q

s/s of supine hypotension

A

motheris pale, cool, dizzy, high HR, low BP

68
Q

nursing for supine hypotension

A

put pt on side

69
Q

placenta previa

A

placenta low in uterus

70
Q

s/s of placenta previa

A

bright red bleeding

71
Q

nursing for placenta previa

A

US, no vaginal exam, lay pt on side, monitor bleeding, IV fluids, blood transfusions, C section

72
Q

abruptio placentae

A

premature separation of placenta from wall

73
Q

s/s of abruptio placentae

A

dark red bleeding, pain

74
Q

nursing for abruptio placentae

A

place mother into Trendelenburg/feet higher than head, monitor bleeding, O2, IV fluids, blood transfusions, ASAP DELIVERY

75
Q

lochia

A

discharge after birth

76
Q

scant lochia

A

<2.5cm in 1 hour

77
Q

light lochia

A

<10cm in 1 hour

78
Q

moderate lochia

A

<15cm in 1 hour

79
Q

heavy lochia

A

saturated pad in 1 hour

80
Q

excessive lochia

A

saturated pad in 15 mins

81
Q

PP day and type of lochia

A

rubra: red, PP day 1-3
serosa: pink PP day 4-10
alba: white, PP day 11-14

nclex (17 decks)

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