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Pharmacology II-Final > Pharmacology 1 > Flashcards

Pharmacology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Alprazolam brand name?

A

Xanax

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2
Q

Clonazepam brand name?

A

Rivotril

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3
Q

Diazepam brand name?

A

valium

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4
Q

Lorazepam brand name?

A

Ativan

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5
Q

MOA of Azapirones?

A

Due to binding at dopamine and 5-HT receptors, partial agonists of 5-HT1A receptors

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6
Q

why are Azapirones a benefit over Benzo?

A

they don’t cause tolerance and dependence

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7
Q

most commone adverse reactions of Azapirones?

A

Dizziness, restlessness, headache, nausea, diarrhea and insomnia

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8
Q

where is Azapirones metabolized? and who should be caution when taking?

A

Metabolized in liver and excreted in urine and elmination 1/2 life is 2-3 hours
Caution in kidney disease patients

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9
Q

Anxiolytic agent?

A

Hydroxyzine

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10
Q

Brand name of Hydroxyzine?

A

Atarax

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11
Q

what is the treatment of Hydroxyzine?

A

is an antihistamine approved for treatment of GAD

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12
Q

hydroxyzine may be used in children for what?

A

reduce anxiety related to minor dental and medical procedures

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13
Q

Hydroxyine produces..

A

a fair bit of sedation but not associated with tolerance or dependence

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14
Q

what patients should you not use Hydroyxine?

A

in lactating women as it dries up breast milk and in men with prostate disease due to urinary retention

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15
Q

Sedation is increased if taken with?

A

CNS depressants or alcohol

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16
Q

Antidepressants used for anxiety?

A

SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs and MAOIs

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17
Q

Fluoxetine and sertraline (SSRIs) used for?

A

OCD

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18
Q

Sertraline used for?

A

treatment of panic disorder, social phobia and PTSD

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19
Q

Venlafaxine (SNRI) used for?

A

management of GAD

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20
Q

Clomipramine (TCA) USED FOR?

A

OCD

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21
Q

Beta-Adrenergic Antagonists used in anxiety?

A

Help to treat rapid heart rate associated with anxiety disorders
administered to reduce palpitations

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22
Q

what beta-blockers are used in anxiety?

A

propranolol and nadolol

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23
Q

Major depression?

A

called clinical depression is associated with persistent feelings of sadness, emptiness or hopelessness
persist for several weeks and are usually accompanied by a lack of interest inactivites that were previously through to be enjoyable, fatigue, irritability and insomnia

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24
Q

Bipolar disorder?

A

is associated with sudden swings in mood between depression and periods of mania
Manis periods can last for 1 or more weeks, during which time the person may sleep little and produce a prolific amount of work.

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25
Dysthymia?
produces symtoms that are similar to those of major depression; however the symtoms are less severe.
26
what is the known cause of depression?
deficiency of certain neurotransmitters is invloved. results from a decrease in monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain.
27
Dipolar affective disorder (BRPAD) also known as mania is beileved to be associated?
with increased level of monoamine neurotransmitters
28
what monoamine neurotransmitters involve?
Norepinephrine (NE), Serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA)
29
mechanism of action of antidpressants?
inhibition of the reuptake of one or more of the monoamine neurotransmitters invloved, while the other is to block the degradation of monoamine neurotransmitters.
30
Tricyclin antidepressants (TCA) is used for?
treatment and management of medical conditions in depression such as bedwetting, OCDand other drug therapy for chronic pain. Doxepin at lower doses can be used for sleep disorder and as a cream for itching
31
MOA of TCAs?
block the reuptake of NE and 5-HT in the presynaptic neuron and inpostsynapic recetors, therefore they remain in the synaptic cleft longer. The longer they remain there, the greater the apportunity for binding of the neurotransmitter to its receptor.
32
Where's are TCA widely distributed?
given orally and are widely districuted in the central nervous system metabolized in the liver and elminated in the urine
33
onset of action of TCA's?
Short, maximum antidepressant beenfit may take up to 6 weeks to be achieved.
34
Adverse reactions of the TCAs?
increased binding to adrenergic, cholinergic, serotonergic and histaminic recetors. Adrenergic blockade causes hypotension and reflex tachycardia. Blockade of histamine recetors can lead to sedation, weight gain and hypotension. Blockade of cholinergic recetors can lead to blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, confusion and delirium. May also produce photosensitivity
35
Amitriptyline brand name?
Elavil
36
what auxiliary label should be on Amitripyline?
Discolor urine
37
Nortriptyline brand name?
Aventyl
38
Imipramine brand name?
Tofranil
39
brand name of Doxepin?
Sinequan, Silenor
40
what does TCAs have that can cause cardiotoxicity?
narrow therpaeutic index produce cardiotoxicity at doses that are six to eight times highter than the therapeutic dose
41
what is the widely prescribed antidepressant?
SSRI
42
what are SSRI used in treating?
OCD, premenstrual dysphoric disorder and panic disorders Fluozetine is also used for treatment of anorexia and bulimia
43
MOA of SSRI?
work by producing selective blockade of the reuptake of 5-HT at the synaptic cleft they are equally effective as TCA just lack the cardiotoxic effects
44
the drug of choice for depressent when people have heart disease?
SSRI
45
why does SSRIs have many interactions?
exhibit a high degree of protein binding and are metabolized via the cytochrome P-450, therefore interact with many drugs. these drug interactions may interfere with the rate of drug clearance of either the SSRI or drug that is administered with it.
46
what is the most common side effect of SSRIs?
Insomnia so dosed once daily in the morning
47
most serious side effects of SSRIs?
serotonin syndrome (confusion, agitation, diarrhea, tremors, increased blood pressure and seizures) Serotonin syndrome can occur due to drug interactions
48
what patients should be caution when taking SSRIs?
liver disease
49
Citalopram brand name?
Celexa
50
Escitalopram brand name?
Cipralex
51
Fluoxetine brand name?
Prozac
52
Fluvoxamine brand name?
Luvox
53
Proxetine brand name?
Paxil
54
Sertraline brand name?
Zoloft
55
two types of monoamine oxidase inhibitors?
Subtype A and subtype b
56
Difference between the two subtypes?
Subtype A used in the treatment of major depression Subtype B used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease
57
MOA OF MAOI?
interfere with the degradation of monoamine neurotransmitters and dietary amine. so when these drugs are given neurotransmitter inactivation is inhibited.
58
how are they categorized?
based on the time it takes for enzyme levels to return to normal when the drug is discontiuned. Reversible MAOI it takes about 3-5 days while recovery takes up to 2 weeks for irreversible MAOIs
59
most serious adverse reaction of MAOI's?
Hypertensive crisis (headache, neck stiffness and palpitations, throbbing) can be fatal and is caused by drug-drug and drug-food interactions
60
Moclobemide brand name?
Manerix
61
Phenelzine brand name?
Nardil
62
Tranylcypromine brand name?
Parnate
63
when MAOI are given what happens?
the effect of MAO in the liver is blocked and dietary amine such as tyramine that are absorbed from the intestine and transported to the liver are not inactivated by the enzyme MAO in the liver and are able to reach the general circulation. Tyramine travels to peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals where it promotes the releaseof NE stores.
64
when taking MAOI what should you advise the patient?
to avoid eating certain foods and beverages.
65
MOA OF SNRI's?
inhibit the reuptake of 5-HT and NE which is more effective than inhibition of either alone.
66
side effects of SNRIs?
increase in blood pressure and may cause hepatoxicity
67
Desvenlafaxine brand name?
Pristiq
68
Duloxetine brand name?
Cymbalta
69
Venlafaxine brand name?
Effexor XR
70
types of atypical antidepressants?
Bupropion, mirtazapine, trazodone
71
Bupropion is used for?
to treat seasonal affective disorder and smoking cessation
72
what is bupropion?
is a Noradrenaline-DA inhibitor. Although well tolerated doses that are greater than 450mg/day or 150mg/dose increase the risk of seizures in people with seizure disorders.
73
what is Mirtazapine?
Affects NE and 5-HT levels. It is metabolized by Cyp 450 isozymes, hence is subject to drug interactions
74
what is Trazodone?
is a weak inhibitor of 5-HT
75
Bupropion brand name?
Wellbutrin SR/XL, Xyban
76
Mirtazapine brand name?
Remeron
77
Trazodone brand name?
Generics
78
What drug are used to treat bipolar disoder?
mood stabilizers.
79
What is a drug that is a mood stabilizers?
Lithium
80
Contraindicated of Lithium?
Pregnancy
81
Where is lithium rapidly abosrded?
from the GI tract, which accounts for its rapid onset of action.
82
Does lithium have a narrow therpatutic index?
yes long-half life
83
what is a common interaction that happens with lithium?
lithium and sodium in the kidneys that can result in lithium toxicity. Increased sodium intake can decrease lithium reacsorption.
84
What can increase lithium reabsorption?
dehydration
85
what should be monitored regularly when on lithium?
Plasma lithium levels and renal function
86
Lithium carbonate brand name?
Carbolith

Pharmacology II-Final (14 decks)

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