Pharmacokinetics Overview

Question 1

Enteral

Answer 1

Route of drug administration through the GI tract, including oral, rectal, sublingual, or buccal methods

Question 2

Parenteral

Answer 2

<div>Route of drug administration <i>other than </i>the GI tract, such as injection into veins, arteries, muscles, spinal cord, under the skin, inhalation, or transdermal absorption</div>

Question 3

Bioavailability

Answer 3

Percentage of a drug that is absorbed into the systemic circulation after administration, influenced by the route of administration and the drug’s ability to cross membranes

Question 4

First Pass Effect

Answer 4

Phenomenon where drugs absorbed through the stomach and small intestine must pass through the liver before circulating systemically, potentially leading to drug inactivation

Question 5

Passive Transport

Answer 5

Absorption of drugs at the cellular level without the input of energy, occurring through diffusion along a concentration gradient

Question 6

Active Transport

Answer 6

Absorption of drugs at the cellular level requiring energy input, typically against a concentration gradient

Question 7

Pinocytosis

Answer 7

Absorption of drugs at the cellular level through the engulfing of extracellular fluid and its contents by the cell membrane

Question 8

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 8

Absorption of drugs at the cellular level with the help of specific transmembrane proteins, allowing the passage of molecules along a concentration gradient

Question 9

Tissue Permeability

Answer 9

Ability of a drug to pass through membranes rapidly, influencing the extent to which the drug moves around in the body

Question 10

Plasma Proteins Binding

Answer 10

Process where drugs can bind to proteins in the blood, rendering them inactive, with only unbound drugs being able to attach to receptors

Question 11

Biotransformation

Answer 11

Chemical changes that occur in a drug following administration, leading to the formation of metabolites

Question 12

Metabolite

Answer 12

Altered version of a chemical compound, which can have a higher or lower rate of activity than the original drug

Question 13

Prodrug

Answer 13

Drug that requires metabolism or activation within the body to exhibit its pharmacological effects

Question 14

First Order

Answer 14

Rate of drug removal from the body being proportional to the concentration of the drug in the plasma

Question 15

Half-life

Answer 15

Time required for the blood levels of a drug to decrease by one-half, influencing the duration of drug action and dosing intervals

Question 16

Steady State

Answer 16

State where the rate of drug administration equals the rate of drug excretion, achieved after approximately 5 half-lives of continuous drug dosage

Question 17

Adipose Tissue

Answer 17

Primary site for drug storage due to its lipid-solubility, leading to prolonged drug retention

Question 18

Biotransformation

Answer 18

Chemical changes that occur in a drug following administration, leading to the formation of metabolites

Question 19

Half-life

Answer 19

Time required for the blood levels of a drug to decrease by one-half, influencing the duration of drug action and dosing intervals

Question 20

Steady State

Answer 20

State where the rate of drug administration equals the rate of drug excretion, achieved after approximately 5 half-lives of continuous drug dosage

Question 21

Excretion

Answer 21

Process of removing drugs from the body, primarily carried out by organs such as the kidneys, lungs, sweat glands, mammary glands, salivary glands, skin, and GI tract

Question 22

Organs that excrete drugs

Answer 22

kidneys, lungs, sweat glands, mammary glands, salivary glands, skin, GI tract