Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
Hormones
chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues
Heart Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Response
-Sympathetic stimulation leads to increased heart rate and increased contractile force
-Parasympathetic stimulation leads to decreased heart rate and decreased contractile force
Lung Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Response
-Sympathetic stimulation causes bronchodilation
-Parasympathetic stimulation causes bronchoconstriction
Kidneys sympathetic and parasympathetic response
- Sympathetic stimulation leads to decreased output
- Parasympathetic stimulation has no effect on the kidneys
Systemic Blood Vessels sympathetic and parasympathetic response (skin, muscle, and abdominal)
Sympathetic: Abdominal constricted Muscle constricted (alpha) and dilated (beta) Skin Constricted
Parasympathetic: None
Liver sympathetic and parasympathetic response
Sympathetic stimulation causes glucose release
Parasympathetic stimulation causes slight glycogen synthesis
Blood Glucose Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Response
- Sympathetic stimulation leads to increased blood glucose
- Parasympathetic stimulation has no effect on blood glucose levels
Sweat Glands Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Response
Sympathetic stimulation leads to copious sweating (increased up to 100%)
Parasympathetic stimulation causes no change in sweat gland activity
Pupils Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Response
- Sympathetic stimulation causes dilated pupils
- Parasympathetic stimulation causes constriction
Basal Metabolism Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Response
- Sympathetic stimulation leads to increased basal metabolism
- Parasympathetic stimulation has no effect on basal metabolism
Skeletal Muscle Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Response
- Sympathetic stimulation leads to increased strength
- Parasympathetic stimulation causes no change in skeletal muscle strength
adrenergic receptors
receptor sites for the sympathetic neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine
Sympathomimetic drugs
A class of drugs whose effects mimic those resulting from the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system.
Sympatholytics
drugs that inhibit the postganglionic functioning of the sympathetic nervous system
Catecholamines
dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine
bronchodilator
-A medication that relaxes and expands the bronchial passages into the lungs
-Act more on Beta 2 receptors than on Beta 1 receptors
Alpha 1 receptor actions
-Peripheral vasoconstriction -Increased contractile force
-Decreased HR
Alpha 2 receptor actions
-Decreased catecholamines in circulation
-Vasodilation and decreased BP
Beta 1 Receptors Action
-Increased Heart Rate
-Increased Contractile Force
-Increased Automaticity
Beta 2 Receptors Action
Increased: vasoDILATION, bronchoDILATION Decreased: GI activity, Uterine smooth muscle contraction
Beta 3 Receptors Action
Lipolysis Thermogenesis
Dopaminergic receptors
-An additional adrenergic receptor
-Stimulated by dopamine
-Causes dilation of the following blood vessels, resulting in increased blood flow Renal Mesenteric Coronary Cerebral
acetylcholine receptors
nicotinic and muscarinic
Acetylcholine Receptor Locations
-Neuromuscular: Nicotinic
-CNS and ANS: Muscarinic and Nicotinic
nicotinic muscle receptor
cholinergic receptor located at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle and initiates muscular contractions as part of the SNS
Muscirinic receptors
Found in many organs and responsible for promoting the parasympathetic response.
