Pharmacokinetics and pharacogenomics Flashcards
First order kinetics
Rate of elimination is proportional to plasma drug concentration, a constant % of the plasma drug is eliminated over a unit of time
Zero order kinetics
Rate of elimination is not proportional to the plasma drug concentration (metabolism processes become saturated).
A constant amount of the plasma drug is eliminated over a unit of time
Half life (t1/2)
time taken for plasma drug concentration to fall 50%
Clearance (CL)
rate of drug elimination by all eliminating organs
Half life is dependent on
Clearance and Vd
A drug with a large Vd will be cleared more _____ than a drug with a small Vd
slowly
Half life is not dependent on…
Drug dose or drug formulation
A drug will be 97% cleared from teh body after _ half lives (considered cleared in clinical practie)
5
Steady state
rate of drug input = rate of drug elimination
Css =
drug plasma concentration at steady state
Aim to have Css (plasma concentration) to lie between the Maximum safe concentration (MSC) and minimum e______ c_____ (MEC)
effective concentration
What can reduce time to reach a steady state?
Loading dose
Drugs with a narrow therapeutic window have small gap between ___ and ___
MEC (minimum effective concentration) and MSC (maximum safe concentration)
Genomics
The study of the genomes of individuals and organisms that examines both the coding and non-coding regions. The study of genomics in humans focuses on areas of the genome associated with health and disease.
Pharacogenomics
The use of genetic and genomic information to tailor pharmaceutical treatment to an individual
