Pharmacokinetics and pharacogenomics

Question 1

First order kinetics

Answer 1

Rate of elimination is proportional to plasma drug concentration, a constant % of the plasma drug is eliminated over a unit of time

Question 2

Zero order kinetics

Answer 2

Rate of elimination is not proportional to the plasma drug concentration (metabolism processes become saturated).
A constant amount of the plasma drug is eliminated over a unit of time

Question 3

Half life (t1/2)

Answer 3

time taken for plasma drug concentration to fall 50%

Question 4

Clearance (CL)

Answer 4

rate of drug elimination by all eliminating organs

Question 5

Half life is dependent on

Answer 5

Clearance and Vd

Question 6

A drug with a large Vd will be cleared more _____ than a drug with a small Vd

Answer 6

slowly

Question 7

Half life is not dependent on…

Answer 7

Drug dose or drug formulation

Question 8

A drug will be 97% cleared from teh body after _ half lives (considered cleared in clinical practie)

Answer 8

5

Question 9

Steady state

Answer 9

rate of drug input = rate of drug elimination

Question 10

Css =

Answer 10

drug plasma concentration at steady state

Question 11

Aim to have Css (plasma concentration) to lie between the Maximum safe concentration (MSC) and minimum e______ c_____ (MEC)

Answer 11

effective concentration

Question 12

What can reduce time to reach a steady state?

Answer 12

Loading dose

Question 13

Drugs with a narrow therapeutic window have small gap between ___ and ___

Answer 13

MEC (minimum effective concentration) and MSC (maximum safe concentration)

Question 14

Genomics

Answer 14

The study of the genomes of individuals and organisms that examines both the coding and non-coding regions. The study of genomics in humans focuses on areas of the genome associated with health and disease.

Question 15

Pharacogenomics

Answer 15

The use of genetic and genomic information to tailor pharmaceutical treatment to an individual

Question 16

How can genomic variations result in differences in pharmacodynamics?

Answer 16

Variations in drug receptor (impacting efficacy and adverse drug reactions)

Question 17

How can genomic variations result in differences in pharmacokinetics?

Answer 17

Variations in drug metabolism (impacting efficacy, incidence in adverse drug reactions)