Drugs and Enzymes/Transport Processors

Question 1

Irreversible inhibitors usually react with the enzyme and for a….

Answer 1

covalent bond

Question 2

Statins block the rate limiting step in c____ pathway so is a lipid-lowering medication used for CVD

Answer 2

cholesterol

Question 3

ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitors reduce ATII production and therefore causes…

Answer 3

a reduction in blood pressure

Question 4

____ is a receptor that Covid has hijacked as an entry receptor

Answer 4

ACE2

Question 5

Name some symptoms of Parkinson’s disease

Answer 5

Hypokinesia (decrease motor movement)
Tremor at rest
Muscle rigidity
Cognitive impairment

Question 6

In Parkinson’s there is early degeneration of d_________ neurons in the nigrostriatial pathway leading to autonomic dysfunction and dementia

Answer 6

dopaminergic

Question 7

BBB

Answer 7

highly selective semi-permeable membrane barrier that separates the circulating blood from the brain

Question 8

Name a substrate that can cross the BBB and is a precursor for neurotransmitter biosynthesis of dopamine

Answer 8

L-DOPA

Question 9

How does peripheral DDC inhibitor work?

Answer 9

Can’t cross BBB, so reduces conversion of L-DOPA to dopamine in the peripheral but not in the brain

Question 10

How does peripheral COMT inhibitor work?

Answer 10

Can’t cross the BBB, so prevents breakdown of L-DOPA in the periphery so more available in the CNS

Question 11

Name the 3 main types of protein ports in cell membranes

Answer 11

Uniporters
Symporters
Antiporters

Question 12

Uniporters…

Answer 12

use energy from ATP to pull molecules in

Question 13

Symporters…

Answer 13

Use the movement in of one molecule to pull in another molecule against a concentration gradient

Question 14

Antiporters…

Answer 14

One substance moves against its gradient, using energy from the second substance moving down its gradient.

Question 15

What illness is associated with epithelial sodium channels?

Answer 15

Heart failure

Question 16

Name a disease involving receptor activated ion channels

Answer 16

Epilepsy

Question 17

Epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) are apical membrane-bound heterotrimeric ion channels. Cause reabsorption of Na+ in c____ d___ of kidney

Answer 17

collecting ducts

Question 18

Organophosphates are i_____ inhibitors of cholinesterase

Answer 18

irreversible

Question 19

Aspirin is a ___ inhibitor

Answer 19

COX

Question 20

Omeprazole is a _____ _____ inhibitor

Answer 20

protein pump

Question 21

Xenobiotics are compounds foreign to an organism’s normal biochemistry, such as…

Answer 21

drugs, poisons