Pharmacokinetics Flashcards
a drugs journey through the body is …
pharmacokinetics
ability of drug or substance to be absorbed or used by the body
bioavailability
What influences the absorption of the drug?
The route of administration
phenomenon in which drugs given PO decreases the active drug’s concentration before reaching systemic circulation or its site of action.N
first pass effect
movement of a drug to body tissues; depends on blood circulation & plasma protein binding in body
distribution
Albumin levels are indicative of …
protein
What is required for meds to distributed effectively?
Drugs need to be able to to protein/ Albumin
What kind of drugs can pass blood brain barriers?
Only lipid solusble drugs can cross blood brain brain barrier
occurs primarily in liver; process in which medication is broken down
Metabolism/ Biotransformation
Best way to admin meds to someone who suffers w/ reduced liver function
Bypass GI system by using different route to administer drug (all other routes except PO)
process in which meds is eliminated through the body;
Excretion
How does poor kidney fx effect pt?
Causes build up of med since it cannot be easily excreted leading to toxicity.
method in which drug is entered in to the body
absorption
Routes of Admin
PO
IV
IM
SQ
Inhalation
Rectally (PR)
Sublingual
Topical/Transdermal
Why is route important?
Due to monitoring for effects of drug
How do drugs get into the cell?
3 Methods
-Passive transport DIFFUSION (high conc to low conc)
- Active Transport (low conc to high conc)
Filtration (movement thru membrane either down conc gradient or pull from plasma proteins)
Most drugs move through which method into cell?
Diffusion/Passive Transport
Poor functioning heart does not effect distribution. T or F
False- Meds will not distribute well as BLOOD CIRCULATION IS MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR IN DISTRIBUTION. Blood doesnt circulate well with a poor functioning heart
Anything can pass through placenta/ breast milk. T or F
True
Effects of enzyme induction
May speed/ slow metabolism of another drug; either therapeutic effect wont be reached; OR causes toxicity some drugs simply cannot be taken together
A drug continues to act in body until its expelled or excreted. T or F
True
routes of excretion
KIDNEY *90-95 %
Exocrine glands
lungs
liver
intestines
Diseases of heart , liver and kidney effect drug administration. T or F
True
Factors that effect drug actions
Age
Weight
Sex
Physiological
Pathological (Diseases/ Allergies)
Environment (hot and cold cant effect peripheral vascular)
Genetic
Drug Related / Tolerance
Drug- FOod Interactions
Drug- Drug Interactions
Level of Blood Albumin
when a drug is taken in successive doses if the body is unable to eliminate a drug properly, the drug can build up in the body, leading to toxic levels and adverse effects
accumulation
