Drug Origins, Pharmacology Branches Flashcards
Drugs can be made .from
plants, naturally, synthentic, manmade
Difference between prehistoric drugs vs modern drugs
Pre historic- trial & error method used to see its efficicay
Modern- drug must work w/o causing toxicity
Synthetic marijuana given to pt’s who suffer from “failure to thrive”
Marinol
Typical timeframe for FDA to regulate how drugs get into use
10-15 years
For every ______ chemicals tested, only ~_____ go to market
100k: 5
Phases for drug evaluation
Preclinical
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
phase where testing begins; NOT done on humans; done in vitro (in dish/test tube) in vivo (animal testing)
Preclinical phase
any agent that causes adverse effects to the fetus
teratogenic
Reasons drugs get shelved…
Lack therapeutic activity
Too Toxic
Teratogenic
Safety margins too low
a pilot study of a potential drug using a small number of selected, usually healthy human volunteers; clinical investigators recruits human volunteers who are paid for there services. 70 % of drugs move on to next phase
Phase 1
a clinical study of a proposed drug by selected physicians using actual patients who have the disorder the drug is designed to treat; 33 % move forward
Phase 2
use of a proposed drug on a larger sample of population of pt’s who have the disease the drug is thought to treat; 25-30 % move to next level
Phase 3
phase where drug finally reaches store shelves
Phase 4
how the body acts on the drug
(ADME)
pharmokinetics- absoprtion, distribution, metabolism, excretion
how the drugs effect the body
pharmacodynamics
