Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

pharmacology > Pharmacogenomics > Flashcards

Pharmacogenomics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 synonyms of pharmacogenomics?

A

Pharmacogenetics

Pharmacoproteomics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 main mechanisms of pharmacogenomic differences?

A
  1. Alterations in drug metabolism
  2. Alterations in drug target
  3. Alteration in drug transport issues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  1. Which of the following is pharmacokinetics?
  2. Which of the following is pharmacodynamics?

Alteration in drug metabolism

Alteration in drug target

Alteration in drug transport

A
  1. Alteration in drug metabolism & alteration in drug transport
  2. Alteration in drug target
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 2 mechanisms of altered drug metabolism?

A
  1. Undesirable effects
  2. Drug inactivity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 5 overall outcomes of pharmacogenomic differences?

A
  1. Toxicity
  2. Unwanted side effects
  3. Prolonged effects
  4. Drug failure
  5. Exploitable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is isoniazid cleaved into that makes it toxic?

A

Inactive metabolite + acetylhydrazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Acetylhydrazine is a strong _____.

A

Electrophile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does a strong electrophile cause hepatocellular death?

A

Strong electrophiles (acetylhydrazine) will bind to any charged molecule, especially intracellular proteins. Within hepatocytes, the electrophile will bind to proteins, cause swelling, and hence, hepatocellular death.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the acetaminophen undergo in a cat that causes hepatocellular injury?

A

Sulfonation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the treatment for acetaminophen in a cat?

A

Acetylcysteine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does acetylcysteine treat acetaminophen toxicity in a cat?

A

Acetylcysteine - acetaminophen - SO4 is excreted as a polar, non-toxic entity into the urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Opioid metabolites inhibit the removal of ___ from the ___ in ___ and ___.

A

Opioid metabolites inhibit the removal of dopamine from the synapses in horses and cats.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Opioid metabolites act as CNS ____.

A

Opioid metabolites act as CNS stimulants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Opioid analgesic reactions in horses and cats is an example of which of the following?

Intraspecies difference

Interspecies difference

Individual difference

A

Interspecies difference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Atropine in a bovine is an example of which pharmacogenomic difference?

A

Drug inactivity

The extrahepatic enzyme plasma esterase + hepatic metabolism rapidly inactivate the drug.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Primidone in cats is an example of which pharmacogenomic difference?

A

Drug inactivity: Lack of an enzyme for activation of a prodrug

Cats are unable to convert primidone to phenobarbital

17
Q

What are the 3 examples of the following?

Altered target of a drug: No activity of the drug

A
  1. Fluroquinolone antibiotics
  2. Genetic mutations
  3. Receptor mutations
18
Q
  1. Genetic mutations that yield inactive receptors cause receptors to be insensitive to ____.
  2. Receptor mutations that cause an auto-active R cause receptors to be insensitive to ____.
A
  1. Agonist
  2. Antagonist
19
Q

Which of the following changes causes receptors to be hyperactive?

Genetic mutations OR receptor mutations

A

Receptor mutations

20
Q

Give an example of an altered taget of a drug causing an undesirable side effect:

A

Erythromycin

Causes gastrointestinal distress

21
Q
  1. Erythromycin is a motilinR ____ for motilinR subtypeA.
  2. Becuase of this, patients with ____ will develop the gastrointestinal distress associated with this drug.
A
  1. Erythromycin is a motilinR agonist for motilinR subtypeA.
  2. Becuase of this, patients with subtypeA will develop the gastrointestinal distress associated with this drug.
22
Q

What is the alternative drug to ivermectin in collies?

A

Selamectin

23
Q

Ivermectin sensitivity in collies is associated with a deletion mutation of the ____ gene.

A

MDR-1

24
Q

Ivermectin : collies

Is this an interspecies, intraspecies, or individual difference?

A

Intraspecies

25
Q

The multi-drug-resistance gene (MDR-1) in collies encodes for what large transmembrane protein?

A

P-glycoprotein

26
Q

Where is the p-glycoprotein for which mdr-1 encodes located with the collie’s body?

A

Blood-brain-barrier

27
Q

Ivermectin : collies

This is an example of which of the 3 mechanisms of pharmacogenomic differences?

A

Altered drug transport issues

28
Q

What are the 2 forms of altered drug transport issues?

A
  1. Toxic accumulation of a drug
  2. Selective tissue distribution of a drug
29
Q

You have a patient with a porto-systemic shunt that causes prolonged drug effects in that patient. Is this an example of intraspecies, interspecies, or individual pharmacogenomic differences?

A

Individual

30
Q

Sulfonamides produce a rare metabolite that can cause photosensitivity. What type of undesirable effect would this be an example of?

A

Toxic effect

31
Q
  1. Auto-active TSH-R will cause what condition in your patients?
  2. Can you give these patients drugs?
A
  1. Hyperthyroidism
  2. No, their receptors (auto-activeR) are insensitive to any antagonistic stimulus
32
Q

What is the enzyme of gene in greyhound’s linked to propofol hydroxylation?

A

CYP2B11

33
Q

What is the enzyme or gene in Beagle’s linked to celecoxib metabolism?

A

CYP2D15

34
Q

What is the enzyme or gene in all dog breeds linked to sulfonamid hypersensitivity?

A

N-acetyltransferase

35
Q

What is the enzyme or gene in labrador retriever’s that puts them at risk for toxicity when using thiopurines?

A

TPMT

36
Q

What is the enzyme or gene in Bedlington Terrier’s that is associated with copper storage hepatopahty?

A

Murr-1

37
Q

What are Boxer’s sensitive to?

A

Acepromazine

pharmacology (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions