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pharmacology > Anticonvulsants > Flashcards

Anticonvulsants Flashcards

1
Q

What is a rapid, synchronous, uncontrolled spread of electrical activity?

A

Seizure

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2
Q

What is a type of brain disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures?

A

Epilepsy

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3
Q

Define ictal.

A

EEG (electroencephalograph) descriptor that refers to seizure-like

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4
Q

Define interical.

A

In-between seizures

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5
Q

What are 5 seizure triggers?

A
  1. Hypoxia
  2. Head trauma
  3. Hypoglycemia
  4. Brain tumor
  5. Stroke
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6
Q

What is an isolated seizure?

A

Only 1 seizure within a 24 hour period

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7
Q

What is a cluster of seizures?

A

2+ seizures within a 24 hour period

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8
Q

What are the 4 stages of a seizure?

A
  1. Prodrome
  2. Aura
  3. Ictus
  4. Post-ictal
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9
Q

What is the prodrome stage?

A

The behavioral changes occurring hours to days prior to a seizure.

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10
Q

What is the ictal stage?

A

Seizure event

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11
Q

What is a nonclinical spontaneous discharge of a small group of neurons in the forebrain?

A

Focal seizure

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12
Q

What is a partial seizure?

A

A focal seizure with limited spread

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13
Q

Is a focal seizure accompanied by spread?

A

NO

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14
Q

What is a psychomotor seizure?

A

Complex partial seizure

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15
Q

Where is a simple partial seizure located?

A

Motor area of the cerebral hemisphere

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16
Q

Where does a complex partial seizure originate?

A

Temporal lobe

17
Q

What is a grand mal seizure?

A

Generalized seizure

18
Q

What is the drug of choice for status epilepticus?

A

Diazepam (Benzodiazepine)

19
Q

True or False: Diazepam has increased BBB permeability.

A

TRUE

20
Q

What can owners use at home in the management of cluster seizures?

A

Diazepam

21
Q

Why is Diazepam unsuitable for chronic management of seizures?

A

Rapid development of tolerance

22
Q

What drug can be used for chronic long-term therapy of seizures in dogs and cats?

A

Phenobarbital (Barbiturate)

23
Q

What are the common side effects associated with barbiturate use?

A

“Polys”

Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia

24
Q

What can be used in conjunction with phenobarbital to control refractory epilepsy?

A

Potassium bromide

25
Q

What are the adverse effects associated with potassium bromide?

A
  1. Anorexia
  2. Vomiting
  3. Polyphagia
  4. Muscle pain
  5. Pelvic limb weakness

pharmacology (21 decks)

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