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Pharmacology > GI Drugs > Flashcards

GI Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Which antibiotics cause GI upset?

A
  1. Aminoglycosides
  2. Tetracyclines
  3. Metronidazole
  4. Erythromycin
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2
Q

Which antibiotic class causes pyrexia in the cat?

A

Tetracyclines

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3
Q

Which antibiotics cause immune reactions?

A
  1. Trimethoprim sulfa
  2. Penicillins
  3. ASA
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4
Q

Which antibiotic can cause renal toxicity?

A

Aminoglycosides

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5
Q

What are the most effective motility modifiers?

A

Opioids

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6
Q

Opioids enhance what and decrease what?

A
  1. Enhance segmental contractions
  2. Decrease peristalsis
  3. Reduce intestinal secretions
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7
Q

What are 2 conditions in which you should avoid use of opioids as motility modifiers?

A
  1. Cats

2. Invasive bacteria

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8
Q

True or False: anticholinergic drugs increase peristaltic contractions.

A

FALSE - decrease peristaltic contractions

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9
Q

Do NOT use anticholinergics in ___ patients.

A

Diarrheic

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10
Q

Which intestinal protectant would you use to bind to toxins and/or bacteria?

A

Kaolin/pectin

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11
Q

Which intestinal protectant can be used in cases of acute toxicoses?

A

Activated charcoal

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12
Q

Which intestinal protectant can be useful in cases of secretory diarrhea?

A

Bismuth subsalicylate

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13
Q

What is pepto-bismol?

A

Bismuth subsalicylate

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14
Q

What are causes of gastric ulceration and erosion?

A
  1. Drugs (NSAIDs, steroids)
  2. Mucosal ischemia
  3. CNS disease
  4. Liver disease
  5. Renal disease
  6. Mucosal inflammation (IBD, neoplasia)
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15
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with gastric ulceration or erosioin?

A
  1. Vomiting
  2. Melena
  3. Weight loss
  4. Decreased food intake
  5. Abdominal pain
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16
Q

Mg salts may cause ____.

A

Diarrhea

17
Q

Ca++ salts may cause ____.

A

Constipation

18
Q

Name 3 histamine antagonists.

A
  1. Cimetidine
  2. Famotidine
  3. Ranitidine
19
Q

Which histamine antagonist is a prokinetic?

A

Ranitidine

20
Q

Where in the GIT does Ranitidine stimulate smooth muscle activity?

A

Aboral to the pylorus

21
Q

Sucralfate inactivates ____ and activates ____.

A

Sucralfate inactivates PEPSINS and activates PGE.

22
Q

Which pump does Omeprazole inhibit?

A

H+/K+ ATPase pump

23
Q

What are 2 adverse effects of omeprazole?

A
  1. SIBO

2. Achlorhydria

24
Q

What are the 4 main effects of mucosal PGEs?

A
  1. Decrease H+ secretion
  2. Increase mucus secretion
  3. Increase gastric blood flow
  4. Increase HCO3 production
25
Q

Name 4 prokinetic drugs.

A
  1. Metoclopramide
  2. Cisapride
  3. H2 blockers (ranitidine, nizatidine)
  4. Erythromycin
26
Q

Where does sulfasalazine work?

A

Colon

27
Q

What is sulfasalazine used to treat in the dog?

A

IBD colitis

28
Q

Lactulose reduces ___ and is used in ___ patients.

A

Lactulose reduces NH3 and is used in LIVER patients.

29
Q

Metronidazole decreases what type of bacteria?

A

Urease-producing bacteria

30
Q

What is SAMe (S-Adenosyl-Methionine)?

A

Anti-inflammatory nutraceutical

31
Q

What is the common name for SAMe?

A

Denosyl SD4

32
Q

How does SAMe work?

A

Scavenges reactive O2 species that are toxic to hepatocytes

33
Q

What are the components of Demamarin?

A
  1. Milk thistle

2. SAMe

34
Q

How does Denamarin work?

A

Scavenges free radicals

35
Q

True or False: with IBD, novel, highly digestible proteins are contraindicated.

A

FALSE - novel, highly digestible proteins are best.

36
Q

With IBD, ___ fatty acids help decrease intestinal inflammation.

A

n-3 fatty acids

37
Q

____ promotes epithelial integrity.

A

Glutamate

38
Q

____ promotes dietary sensitivity.

A

Gluten

39
Q

____ contributes to osmotic diarrhea.

A

Lactose

Pharmacology (21 decks)

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