Pharmacogenetics/Pharmacogenomics

Question 1

When examining inherited differences in drug responses, what two factors should be considered?

Answer 1

1. drug efficacy
2. adverse drug reactions

Question 2

Which of the following is not listed as important in recommended dosing?

A. Age
B. Sex
C. Body weight
D. Presence of organ failure
E. Trial and error
F. Other Drugs

Answer 2

B. Sex. This is not a typical factor in dosing recommendations.

Question 3

How many SNPs are present in humans (i.e. >1% of the population)?

Answer 3

10,000,000 SNPs

Question 4

SNPs act by 3 general mechanisms - what are they?

Answer 4

1. Coding non-synonymous (change coding sequence)
2. Coding synonymous (no change in coding sequence; could change translational efficiency)

3.Noncoding (promoter, intron, regulatory region)

Question 5

If insertions/deletions are large enough, they can be considered:

Answer 5

CNVs (copy number variants)

Question 6

A ___________ is a variation in a number of a specific segment of DNA found in one or more populations.

Answer 6

CNV (copy number variant)

Question 7

SNP. It stands for:

Answer 7

Single nucleotide polymorphisms

Question 8

Polymorphism

Answer 8

the presence of two or more variant forms of a specific DNA sequence that can occur among different individuals or populations

Question 9

Pharmacogenetics

Answer 9

is the study of genetic causes of individual variations in drug response

Question 10

pharmacogenomics

Answer 10

deals with the simultaneous impact of multiple mutations in the genome that may determine the patient’s response to drug therapy

Question 11

Pharmacogenetics vs Pharmacogenomics

Answer 11

Pharmacogenetics is the study of genetic causes of individual variations in drug response

whereas pharmacogenomics deals with the simultaneous impact of multiple mutations in the genome that may determine the patient’s response to drug therapy.