NGS

Question 1

SNP array

Answer 1

SNP= Single Nucleotide Polymorpism

Question 2

In SNP array, millions of probes are attacked to…

Answer 2

…a slide called a BeadChip

Question 3

Sequence is extended using labelled nucleotides:

Answer 3

A & T= Red

C & G= Green

Question 4

In SNP, fragmented patient DNA is…

Answer 4

…hybridised to the probes

Question 5

Laser excites the dye which…

Answer 5

releases fluorescence

Question 6

Fluorescence intensity is used to

Answer 6

identify copy number changes- deletions/duplications

Question 7

What is an SNP?

Answer 7

-An SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) is a variation in a single DNA building block (nucleotide) at a specific location in the genome.

-Think of it like a typo in the genetic code, where one “letter” (nucleotide) is different between individuals.

Question 8

What is NGS?

Answer 8

NGS (Next-Generation Sequencing) is a modern technology that allows scientists to read the DNA of organisms quickly and in great detail.

Question 9

How does NGS work?

Answer 9

1). Cutting DNA into Pieces: Think of your DNA as a giant cookbook. NGS starts by cutting this big book into many small pieces.

2). Copying Pieces: These small pieces of DNA are then copied many times to make sure there’s enough of them to read.

3). Reading the Pieces: The DNA pieces are put into a special machine that can read the “letters” of the DNA (A, T, C, G) very quickly.

4). Putting the Pieces Together: After reading all the small pieces, a computer puts them back together in the right order, like reassembling the pages of our cookbook.

Question 10

Why is NGS important?

Answer 10

• Speed: NGS can read millions of DNA pieces at once, making it much faster than older methods.

-Detail: It gives a very detailed picture of an organism’s DNA, helping scientists understand more about genes and how they work.

-Uses: NGS is used in many fields, like identifying diseases, studying genetics, and even in forensics to solve crimes.