Pharmaceutics

Question 1

What is the volume of a capsule in size 000?

Answer 1

1.37 mL

Question 2

Volume of a capsule in size 00

Answer 2

0.95 mL

Question 3

Volume of a capsule in size 0

Answer 3

0.68 mL

Question 4

Volume of a capsule in size 1

Answer 4

0.50 mL

Question 5

Volume of a capsule in size 2

Answer 5

0.37 mL

Question 6

Volume of a capsule in size 3

Answer 6

0.30 mL

Question 7

Volume of a capsule in size 4

Answer 7

0.21 mL

Question 8

Volume of a capsule in size 5

Answer 8

0.13 mL

Question 9

What is a Rotofill used for?

Answer 9

To fill pellets in HARD GELATIN CAPSULE

Question 10

What is an Accofil used for?

Answer 10

To fill POWDERS in a HARD GELATIN CAPSULE

Question 11

What is Accogel used for?

Answer 11

To fill powders in a SOFT GELATIN CAPSULE

Question 12

What is Rotoweigh used for?

Answer 12

It is used as a HIGH SPEED CAPSULE WEIGHING MACHINE

Question 13

What is Scidinader used for?

Answer 13

It is used as a CAPSULE POLISHING MACHINE

Question 14

What is the limitation of Henderson Hesselbatch equation?

Answer 14

It fails in 2 cases:
1. When the pH is outside 4-10
2. When the solution is dilute

Question 16

What is the MOA of Effervescent tablets?

Answer 16

Bicarbonate + Citric acid/Tartaric acid

Question 17

How do Lubricants act?

Answer 17

They act by forming an intermediate layer between the TABLET CONSTITUENTS and DIE WALL

Question 18

What is Pre-gelatinized starch and what is it used for?

Answer 18

It is a BINDER

It is used for 1. Direct compression and 2. Wet granulation of tablets

It contains 5% amylose, 15% amylopectin and 80% unmodified starch

Question 19

What is Poly-vinyl pyrrolidine and what is it used for?

Answer 19

It is a BINDER

It is used for Chewable tablets in conc. 0.5 - 5% w/w

Question 20

When is the use of Super-disintegrants effective?

Answer 20

In low concentration tablets or capsules

Question 21

What is the limit of total solid content in WFI and Sterile WFI?

Answer 21

WFI - 10 ppm

Sterile WFI - 20 to 40 ppm

Question 22

What should the conductivity of WFI be?

Answer 22

NMT 1 micro ohm

Question 23

What is the angle in which a drug is administered via Hypodermal or S.C route?

Answer 23

45 - 90°

Question 24

Angle for Intracutaneous or Intradermal route

Answer 24

10 -15°

Question 25

Angle for Intra-muscular route

Answer 25

90°

Question 26

In what areas is a +ve pressure found?

Answer 26

In ASEPTIC and STERILE REGIONS

Question 27

In what unit are defects usually accepted in parenteral?

Answer 27

Defects are usually accepted in ACCEPTABLE QUALITY LEVELS (AQL) Critical AQL = <1

Question 28

Volume for Small Volume Parentral

Answer 28

Less than 100 mL or =100mL

Question 29

Volume for Large Volume Parentral

Answer 29

>100 mL

Question 30

Volume for a Single Dose Parentral

Answer 30

Upto 1000 mL

Question 31

Volume for Multi Dose Parentral

Answer 31

Limited to 30 mL

Question 32

What is the efficiency of a HEPA filter and particles of what size can be removed by it?

Answer 32

Efficiency = 99.97% Particles of 0.3 micron or more can be removed

Question 33

What is the Air velocity in a HEPA filter

Answer 33

100 +/- 20 feet/min

Question 34

Class 100 area

Answer 34

'Particle count of NMT 100 per cubic foot of 0.5 micron and larger size' should be present Eg - Sterile and Aseptic area

Question 35

Class 10,000

Answer 35

Particles of NMT 10,000 per cubic foot or 0.5 micron and larger should be present Eg - Manufacturing area

Question 36

Class 1,00,000

Answer 36

Packing and Storage area

Question 37

How are effervescent tablets protected from moisture?

Answer 37

They are packed along with DESSICANTS in blister packs made from Aluminium

Question 38

How is Partition Co-efficient calculated?

Answer 38

P = _conc. of a drug in octanol_ conc. of a drug in water

Question 39

Why does Partition co-efficient exist?

Answer 39

It exists because it overcomes the limitation of Henderson-Hesselbatch equation. (IT IS INDEPENDANT OF CONC. OF DILUTE SOLUTIONS)

Question 40

In what range does P of most drugs fall into? What would the approximate value of P be for lipophilic and hydrophilic substances?

Answer 40

P of most drugs fall between 8-12 Solubility parameter of Octanol = 10.24 P of lipophilic drugs = >1 P of hydrophilic drugs = <1

Question 41

What is Bloom Strength?

Answer 41

It indicates the strength of cross-linked gelatin molecules Range - 150-250g (It is found out by measuring the weight required to move a plastic plunger, inserted 4mm into 6.66% gelatin solution at 25°C for 17 hours)

Question 42

Why is the Viscosity of capsules important?

Answer 42

It indicates the molecular chain length Range - 25 to 25 millipoise

Question 43

What is the Ideal iron content in a hard gelatin capsule?

Answer 43

<15 ppm

Question 44

Ideal moisture content in a HGC

Answer 44

12 - 15%

Question 45

What should the water resistance of a capsule be?

Answer 45

It should fail to dissolved in water to 20-30°C in 15 mins

Question 46

What should the Acid solubility of a capsule be?

Answer 46

It should get dissolved in. 0.5% aq. HCl at 36-38°C in less than 5 mins

Question 47

What is the isoelectric pH of Type A and Type B gelatin? What are they obtained from?

Answer 47

Type A = 9 Type B = 4.7 Type A is obtained from PORK SKIN Type B is obtained from BONE

Question 48

What is the use of Type A and B gelatin?

Answer 48

A - brings elasticity, plasticity and clarity to the shell B - imparts toughness

Question 49

Name some Capsule Imprinting Machines

Answer 49

Harnett, Marken, Ackley

Question 50

Name some Capsule weighing machines

Answer 50

Rotoweigh, Vericap 1200

Question 51

How is capsule polishing carried out?

Answer 51

By using Accelacota Tablet coating pan and Polyurethane cloth

Question 52

What is Erweka Kea?

Answer 52

De-dusting and polishing machine

Question 53

How is Capsule washing carried out?

Answer 53

They are washed with naphtha to remove mineral oil from the outer surface

Question 54

What is Fumaric acid used for?

Answer 54

It is used to aid in SOLUBILITY and to prevent ALDEHYDE TANNING OF GELATIN

Question 55

How is the Hardness of SGC determined?

Answer 55

It is determined by finding the ratio of dry plasticizer and dry gelatin

Question 56

Ideal content of API

Answer 56

100 +/- 10%

Question 57

Ideal weight variation in SGC (20 capsules)

Answer 57

If the weight is: <300mg - 10% (is allowed) >/= 300 - 7.5%

Question 58

How do Vericap and Rotoweigh work?

Answer 58

Vericap - measures the change in dielectric constant or capacitance variation Rotoweigh - measures the reflected energy of low power X-ray beam

Question 59

Ideal Disintegration time of SGC and HGC

Answer 59

SGC - 60 mins HGC - 30 mins

Question 60

How much pressure should the container of an Aerosol withstand?

Answer 60

140 - 180 psig at 130°C

Question 61

What are the 3 types of commonly used Propellants?

Answer 61

Hydrocarbon, Compressed gas and Flourinated hydrocarbons

Question 62

Examples of Hydrocarbon Gas

Answer 62

Propane, Butane, Isobutane

Question 63

Examples of Compressed gas propellants

Answer 63

N20, CO2, N2

Question 64

Examples of Flourinated hydrocarbon propellants

Answer 64

Propellant 11, 12 and 114

Question 65

Propellant 11

Answer 65

Tri-chloro mono-flouro ethane

Question 66

Propellant 12

Answer 66

Dichloro diflouro methane

Question 67

Propellant 114

Answer 67

Di-chloro tetra-flouro ethane

Question 68

What is the function of a FERRULE in a mounting cup?

Answer 68

Ferrule is also called MOUNTING CUP or VALVE CUP It places the valve properly in the container

Question 69

What is the function of a GASKET in aerosol?

Answer 69

The gasket tightly places the STEM and the VALVE in their place. Their leakage is also prevented

Question 70

Function of a DIP TUBE in an aerosol.

Answer 70

The DIP TUBE brings the formulation from the container to the valve

Question 71

What are the different temperatures commonly used in an AUTOCLAVE and their specific pressure and duration?

Answer 71

115-116°C - 10 lb/sq.inch - 30 mins 121-123°C - 15 lb/sq.inch - 15 mins 126-129°C - 20 lb/sq.inch - 10 mins 134-138°C - 32 lb/sq.inch - 3 mins

Question 72

Formaldehyde is used for which type of sterilization?

Answer 72

Fumigation

Question 73

What is Ethylene Oxide is used to sterilize?

Answer 73

THERMOLABILE substances like plastic and rubber

Question 74

What is BETA PROPIOLACTONE used to sterilize?

Answer 74

Aseptic rooms and operation theatres

Question 75

Condition for Pasteurization by A. HOLDER METHOD B. FLASH METHOD

Answer 75

A. 68.8°C for 30 mins B. 71-72°C for 15s

Question 76

Which method is commonly used for DRY HEAT STERILIZATION?

Answer 76

HOT AIR OVEN 260°C for 45 mins or 180°C for 2 hours (It acts by OXIDIZING PROTEIN MOLECULES)

Question 77

Which method is commonly used for WET HEAT STERILIZATION?

Answer 77

AUTOCLAVE 115-117°C for 30 mins (It acts by DENATURATION OF PROTEINS)

Question 78

How is TYNDALLIZATION or Fractional Distillation carried out?

Answer 78

By heating the substance at 80°C for 1 hour for 3 SUCCESSIVE DAYS