MCQs From Cognosy Flashcards
Synonym of Gymnema (flavonoid)
Madhunashini
What kind of bark does Ashoka have
Channelled bark
Characteristics feature of Quilliaia
Rhitodoma
Synonym of Aconite
Wolfsbane root
Synonym of Wild cherry
Virginian Prune Bark
Other synonyms of Aconite
Monkshood, Vacchanang
What kind of stomata is present in Digitalis?
Anomocytic stomata
In what shape are the CA oxalate crystals present in Wild Cherry?
Prism
Synonym for Gokhru
Devil’s weed, punctured wine
What family does Gokhru belong to?
Zygophyllaceae
What family does Gokhru belong to?
Zygophyllaceae
Characteristic feature of the trichomes in Digitalis
Covering trichomes
What kind of stomata is present in senna?
Pericytic stomata
Active constituent of mustard
Sinigrin
Constituents of Palmidine A
Aloe emodin + emodin
What type of glycoside is Ginko?
Flavonoid glycoside
Name some bitter glycosides
Chirata, Gentian, Quassia
What are the type of crystals of Ca oxalate present in Squill?
Acicular crystals
Identifying feature of senna
Thick walled warty trichomes
What shape does the Cascara bark have?
Quill shape
What is the sugar moeity present in K-Strophanthiside?
Cymerose
What family does Cascara belong to?
Rhamnaceae
Synonym of Cantharides
Spanish flies
Active constituent of Kalmegh
Andrographolide 1%
B.source of Black mustard
Dried,ripe seeds of Brassica nigra
Family - Cruciferae
B.source of Thiveta (Yellow oleander)
Dried seeds of Thivetia nerifolia
Family - Apocynaceae
What parts of Quillia is medicinally important?
Inner bark
Name some plants belonging to the family Liliaceae
Aloe, Shatavari, Indian Squill
What family does Quassia belong to?
Scrophulariaceae
What drug is Primveroside derived from?
Senega
Name some adulterants used in Digitalis
Primrose leaves, comfrey leaves and Verbaseun Thapus
What is the shape of CA oxalate in Rhubarb?
Rosette
How much insoluble ash is present in Digitalis?
NMT 2.5%
What is the Sulphated Ash value of Ginseng?
NMT 12%
What family does Gymnema sylvestre belong to?
Asclepiadaceae
What are the products of hydrolysis of Verdocin?
Gitalogenin + 3 digitoxose sugars
What is the medicinally important part of Strophanthus?
Seeds
Give an example of phenolic glycoside
Bearberry
What is peruvoside and what plant does it belong to?
It is a cardiac glycoside (cardenolide) and it is mainly found in Thivetia nerifolia
What is the aglycone part of Peruvoside?
Cannogenin
What kind of glycosides does Rhubarb contain?
O-glycosides
Alexandrian senna is obtained from which biological source?
C.acutifolia
What is the biological source of Kesar?
Dried stigma of Crocus sativus
Family - Iridaceae
What kind of saponin is present in Ginseng?
Chikusetu saponin
Which plant is called the ‘Ginseng of India’?
Withania Somnifera
(Ashwagandha, winter cherry)
What family does Bearberry/Arbutin belong to?
Ericaceae
How much alcohol soluble extractive is present in Peeled liquorice?
Less than 25%
How do you distinguish between Natural camphor and Artificial camphor?
Colour reaction with vannilin and H2SO4
What is the pigment present in Tomato?
Lycopene
B.source of Pyrethrum
Dried flower heads of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium
Family - Astraceae or Daisy
What is Rotenone and where is it obtained from?
It is an insecticidal compound and it is obtained from Derris root, derris rhizomes and cube root.
It is an alkaloid
What part of a plant is Valerian?
Root, stolon and rhizome
Due to which compound does Nutmace give the red colour in Iodine solution?
Due to the presence of Amylodextrin
Synonym of Nutmeg
Nux-monchata
Active constituent in Nutmeg
Myristicin
Active constituent in Tachyspermum ammii (Ajwain)
Thymol
Name some plants of the Rosaceae family
Quillia, Bitter almond, wild cherry bark
Name some plants of the Labiatiae family
Peppermint, Spearmint, Tulsi
Name some chemical constituents present in Nutmeg
Aril, Saffrole
Chief constituent of Ammi
Xanthotoxin
Synonym of Ammi visnaga
Pick tooth fruit
What family does Ammi visnaga belong to?
Carrot family or Apiaceae
Name some plants whose barks are flat
Arjuna, Quilliaia
What medicinal property does Kalmegh have?
Hepatoprotective
What are the medicinally important parts of Shatavari?
Roots and leaves
What is the vein-islet number of Alexandrian senna (C.acutifolia)?
25 - 29.5
What is Raymond’s test used for?
To identify Cardiac glycosides
How much Quassin does Quassia contain?
0.2%
What is the Sulphated Ash value of Ginseng?
NMT 12%
What is the chemical name of Sinigrin?
Potassium Myronate
What is the composition of K-Strophanthin present in Strophanthus?
- Cymarin.
- Cymarol
- K-strophanthoside beta
- K-strophanthoside
Does glycoside reduce Fehling’s solution directly?
Depends on the hydrolysis of the glycoside
What is Stats-Otto method used for?
For the isolation of Glycosides
What is Kedde’s test used for?
For the identification of Cardiac glycosides
What are the hydrolytic products of Palmidine B?
Aloe emodin + Chryzophenol
What is Encordin (an anti-viral agent) prepared from?
Peruvoside
What are the synonyms of Kalmegh?
Green Chiretta, King of Bitters
How can Chinese Rhapontic Rhubarb be distinguished from Indian Rhubarb?
By their blue fluorescence in UV light
What is the botanical name of Chota Gokhru?
Tributes terrestris
Name some plants in which warty trichomes are present
Anise and Senna
What is the ideal moisture content of Digitalis?
NMT 5%
What type of glycoside is Cascaroside?
O-glycoside and C-glycoside
What type of ring do Cardenolides possess?
An unsaturated alpha, beta ring
What type of stomata does Digitalis have?
Ranuncolaceous/Anomocytic
What is the shape of the CA oxalate crystals present in Cascara?
Prism
Name some adulterants that are added in Indian Senna
Palthe senna, Casia obovata
What type of CA oxalate crystals does the mesophyll in Indian squill have?
Raphide type
Synonym of Methi
Vendayam
Major constituent of Chakramarda/Chakramadu
Chrysophanic acid
What is the use of Bavchi?
Used for leukoderma
Major constituent of Senega
Triterpenic glycosides
Medicinal property of Chenopodium
Anti-helmenthic
What is the Ascaridol derived from chemically?
Terpene peroxide
Name a poisonous substance found in Indian dill
Dill-apiole
Identifying feature of Jatamansi
Interxyllary and medullary cork
What method is used to extract volatile oil from fruits?
Eculle method
Name a substance used to adulterate Jatamansi.
Rhizomes of Selinum vaginatum
How much volatile oil is present in Clove?
15%
What is the active constituent of Syzygium aromaticum?
Eugenol
B.source of Clove
Dried flower buds of Eugenia caryophyllus or Syzygium aromaticum
Family - Myrtaceae
What plant has latex vessels present in their phloem?
Lobelia
Name some liquid and volatile alkaloids
Nicotine and Coniine
What is the name of the nucleus present in Vasaka?
Quinazoline ring
What is the shape of the trichomes present in Pyrethrum?
T shaped
What family does Cinchona belong to?
Rubiaceae
What family does Ergot belong to?
Graminaceae
What family does Nux-vomica belong to?
Loganiaceae
What is the starting material of Indole alkaloids?
Tryptophan
Starting material of Tropane alkaloids
Ornithine
Starting material of Isoquinoline alkaloids
Tyrosine
Starting material of Piperidine alkaloids
Lysine
Starting material of Quinoline alkaloids
Anthralinic acid
What is the colour of Tannic acid test for alkaloids?
Buff coloured precipitate
What is the colour for Ammonium Reineckate test for alkaloids?
Pink flocculated colour
What is the colour for Picrolonic acid test?
Yellow colour
Name some steroidal alkaloids
Kurchi, Veratrum, Ashwagandha
Name an alkaloid used to treat Migraine
Ergot
What is the nucleus present in Vasaka?
Quinozoline moeity
Name some Tropane alkaloids
Coca, Datura, Dibuiosa
What kind of cork does Rawolfia have?
Stratified cork
What kind of parenchyma is present in Ergot?
Pseudoparenchyma
What kind of CA oxalate crystals does Atropa Belladona have?
Microsphenoid type
Characteristic feature of Kurchi bark
Rhombohedral crystals
Name some Tyrosine derived alkaloids
Ephedrine, Hordenine, Mescaline
What kind of stomata does Belladona have?
Anisocytic
Type of stomata present in Vasaka
Diacytic
How much morphine does Opium have?
9%
B.source of Nux-vomica
Dried, ripe seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica tree
Family - Loganiaceae
Plants from Apocynaceae family
Strophanthus, Vinca, Rauwolfia
Synonyms of Malgangni
Staff tree, Intellect tree
Name a drug which is a bioavailability enhancer
Piper longum
Which is the useful part of Acorus calamus of family Araceae
Rhizome
Name a volatile oil used as a mosquito repellant
Lemon grass oil
What is Colophony?
The solid residue obtained after removing volatile oils
What is the red colour in Capsicum due to?
Capsanthin
Main constituent of Eucalyptus oil
Cineol
Main component of Mentha Spicata
Carvone
Active constituent of Tulsi
Eugenol
Active constituent of Spearmint
(-) Carvone
Difference between Indian Dill and European Dill
Indian Dill:
1. Contains less Cardone
2. Contains Dill-apiole
Identifying character of Coriander
Lignified parenchyma of mesocarp
How much volatile oil does Nutmeg contain?
5%
Drugs from family Umbelliferae
Caraway, Dill, Cumin
Synonym of Sandlewood
Heartwood
Drugs from family Lauraceae
Camphor, Cassia cinnamon, Cinnamon
Drugs under Rutaceae family
Lemon oil, Bitter orange pill
Drugs under Zingiberaceae family
Turmeric, Ginger, Cardomom
Which family does Garlic belong to?
Liliaceae
B.Source of Dill
Dried, ripe fruits of Anethum graveolens
Family - Umbelliferae
Biological name of Tulsi
Ocimum sanctum
What part of Cumin is medically important?
Dried ripe fruits
Medicinally important part of Nutmeg
Dried kernel
Total volatile oil present in Dill
NLT 2.5%
Total volatile oil present in Fennel
NLT 1.4%
Name a Diterpene class alkaloid
Aconite
Thallequin test is used to identify which drug?
Cinchona
Name some drugs synthesized from Tyrosine
Papaverine, Morphine
From what AA is Ephedrine derived?
Phenylalanine
AAs that contribute to the biosynthesis of Atropine
Ornithine, Phenylalanine, Methionine
Name some drugs synthesized from Ornithine
Nicotine, Hygrine
Name some plants having Ranunculaceous stomata
Digitalis, Buchu, Lobelia
Characteristics of Strophanthus and Lobelia
Lignified trichomes
Name a drug having Caryophyllaceous or Diacytic stomata
Vasaka
Name a drug having Cruciferous or Anisocytic stomata
Belladona
What kind of CA oxalate crystals are present in Cardomom?
Prism
What type of Ca oxalate crystals are present in Fennel and Anise seed?
Rosette
Characteristic feature of Anise seed
Unicellular, thick-walled, warty trichomes
How much Fenchone does Japanese Fennel contain?
10.20%
What kind of Ca oxalate crystals are present in Caraway?
Micro-rosette
Mention some microscopic features of Fennel
- Anomocytic stomata
- Rosette Ca oxalate crystals
- Aleurone grains
How much Ascaridol does Chenopodium contain?
NLT 65%
What kind of volatile oil does Peppermint contain?
Alcoholic type
What kind of volatile oil does Chenopodium contain?
Oxide type
Name the sedative chemical constituent present in Calamus
Asarone
Main constituent of Wintergreen oil
Methyl salicylate
Main constituent of Chenopodium oil
Ascaridiol
Rugae is present in…
Cardomom
What type of stomata is present in the epidermis of the pericarp in Fennel?
Anomocytic
What kind of terpenoids are Annato and Crocus?
Tetra-terpenoids
What colour does Sudan III give when it’s reacted with volatile oil?
Red
What kind of volatile oil do Caraway, Dill and Cumin contain?
Ketone volatile oil
How much Abietic acid is present in Colophony?
90%
What is Azadirachtin?
It is a Tetra nor-terpenoid
It is used as an insecticide.
More specifically, It is an ANTI-FEEDANT (i.e, It deters insects sense of smell and taste, thereby, preventing them from feeding on the plant sprayed with it
What kind of terpene is Vitamin A?
It is a Monocyclic diterpene
What can Vanillin be synthesized from?
Eugenol
What is Margosa oil used for?
Asthma, parasites, arthritis and leprosy
From what plant can Indian gum be obtained from?
Acacia rabica
Name a plant whose trichomes contain resin.
Indian Hemp
Biological source of Behda or Behra
Dried, ripe fruits of the plant Terminalia balerica
Family - Combrataceae
It is used in Ayurveda for digestive ailments and other issues
It contains Gallic acid, Ellagic acid and Chebulagic acid (It is a TANNIN)
Name the 3 fruit powders present in Triphala churna
- Amla
- Hitaraki (Terminalia chebula)
- Behda
GALLS are vegetable outgrowths present on the twigs of…
Dyer’s Oak
Which is the prominent chemical constituent present in Galls?
Gallotannic acid
Which chemical compound is used to identify Agar?
BaCl²
What is the biological name of Tolu Balsum?
Myroxylon balsumum
Biological name of Guar gum
Cymopsis tetragonolobus
What is Myrobalan?
It is a tannin containing fruit
It is obtained from Terminalia chebula
Family - Combrataceae
The purgative property of Myrobalan is due to the presence of…
Anthracene
Isabgol seeds are adulterated with…
Plantago lanciolata
What is wheat derived from?
Triticum aestivum
What is the ash value of potato starch?
NMT 0.3%
How much pectin can be obtained from Carrots?
10%
What is the moisture content of Tragacanth?
15%
Arabin Oxidase is present in which carbohydrate containing drug?
Indian gum
What does Caramel contain as a chemical constituent?
Burnt sugar
What kind of plant is Gum Ghatti?
A carbohydrate containing plant
How much tannin does Ashoka contain?
6%
Name a commercially known Dextran
Sephadex
What is Aril?
Succulent growth from hilum covering the entire seed
What is the Iodine number of coconut oil?
7 - 10
Which fixed oil is soluble in alcohol?
Castor oil
What is the main constituent of Palm oil?
Fats
What fluorescence does Olive oil give?
Golden yellow colour
What is Halphen’s test used for?
Detection of cotton seed oil as an adulterant
Which is the most common carbon source for plant tissue culture?
Sucrose
What is Chrysanthemum mostly used as?
Insecticide
What is Lycopodium Spore Method mostly used for?
- Powdered drugs have well-defined particle size
- Single layered cells or tissues
- Objects of uniform thickness
I IU of Vitamin A = ________
0.344 microgram of standard preparation
In what plant are Stellate trichomes present?
Hammaelis
What is Keris test used for?
Rancidity of fats and oils
The semi-solid mass dissolved by boiling a decoction is called…
Lehya
Marine fungus is the source of what anti-biotic?
Cephalosporin
Bryostatin, an anti-leukemic compound, is isolated from the marine organism….
Bugula neritina
What does CENTROXYLIC mean?
Xylem in the centre, surrounded by phloem
What is the characteristic feature of Monocotyledonous plants?
A “Closed collateral” vascular bundle
What is the ratio of Auxin and Cytokinin required for the formation of shoot?
Auxin:Cytokinin = 4:1
What is Chlorophytum borivillianum used as?
An aphrodisiac
What is Manoalide used as?
An anti-inflammatory drug
In what plant are Candelabra trichomes present?
Verbascun thapus
Centroxylic vascular bundle is present in…
Maleforn
What is the relationship between Ester value, Saponification value and Acid value?
Esters value = (S.V - A.V)
What solutions are used for the sterilization of ‘explant’ in plant tissue culture?
Na hypochloride, H2O2 and Bromine water
What fungi is Gibberellin obtained from?
- Gibberella fugikuroi
- Fusarium heterospermum
Ig of shark liver oil = ________ IU of Vit A
6000
What is Sterculia gum?
It is a plant derived, water soluble polysaccharide.
It is also called Indian Tracaganth
It is used as a thickener, emulsifier and stabilizer
What sugar molecules does STERCULIA GUM give upon acid hydrolysis?
D-galactose + L-rhamnose - D-galacturonic acid
Name a few unorganized drugs
Tracaganth, Aloe and Lard
Name a drug that has cytotoxic activity
Ara C (Cytrabine)
What is a plant part that is specifically present in Castor?
Caruncle
It is a small, fleshy outgrowth, typically found near the micropyle of certain seeds
It is especially seen in plants belonging to EUPHORBIACEAE
What are Monohybrids?
One pair of different characters
Which test is used to estimate the germination capacity of seeds?
Rolled towel index
