pharma

Question 1

Drug receptors

Answer 1

Specific sites where drugs form chemical bonds

Question 2

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 2

Study of interactions between drugs and
their receptors and the series of events that result in a
pharmacologic response

Question 3

Agonists

Answer 3

Drugs that interact with a receptor to stimulate a

response

Question 4

Antagonist

Answer 4

Drugs that attach to a receptor but do not stimulate a

response-

Question 5

Partial agonists:

Answer 5

Drugs that interact with a receptor to

stimulate a response but inhibit other responses.

Question 6

An antagonist are sometimes called

Answer 6

blockers

Question 7

partial agonist

Answer 7

bind and activate a given receptor, but have only partial efficacy at the receptor

Question 8

why are Agents like buprenorphine are used to treat opiate dependence?

Answer 8

they

produce milder effects on the opioid receptor with lower dependence and abuse potential

Question 9

Enteral

Answer 9

Via the gastrointestinal tract by the oral, rectal, or

nasogastric routes

Question 10

Parenteral

Answer 10

Bypasses the GI tract by using subcutaneous,

intramuscular, and intravenous injection

Question 11

Percutaneous

Answer 11

Absorbed through the skin and mucous

membranes (i.e. Inhalation, sublingual, or topical )

Question 12

LADME

Answer 12

liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

Question 13

liberation

Answer 13

Drug released from dosage form

Question 14

absorption

Answer 14

Depends on route of administration-

Oral drugs won’t take effect as quickly as IVs

Question 15

distribution

Answer 15

Depends on circulation to be
transported throughout body-blood and lymph
systems affect drug transport.

Question 16

metabolism

Answer 16

Depends on enzyme systems-
concurrent use of other drugs, environmental
pollutants, disease processes, and age affect
this process.

Question 17

excretion

Answer 17

Depends on GI tract and kidneys-
Other excretion routes besides the GI tract and
kidneys (i.e., skin and lungs).

Question 18

Process of converting oral drug can be influenced by what?

Answer 18

food and water in the stomach

Question 19

Absorption rate depends on

Answer 19

route, blood flow, and solubility of the

drug

Question 20

Organs with largest blood supply receive what?

Answer 20

a drug most rapidly

Question 21

Primary organ of metabolism is?

Answer 21

the liver

Question 22

A patient with poor kidney function will have what?

Answer 22

an

increased action and duration of a drug.

Question 23

what is the half life of digoxin?

Answer 23

36 hours

Question 24

Onset of action

Answer 24

When the concentration of a drug at
the site of action is sufficient to start a physiologic
response

Question 25

Peak action

Answer 25

Time at which the drug reaches the | highest concentrations on the target receptor sites

Question 26

Duration of action

Answer 26

How long the drug has a | pharmacologic effect

Question 27

DRUG BLOOD LEVEL

Answer 27

When a drug is circulating in the blood

Question 28

when would a drug blood level be important?

Answer 28

anticonvulsants

Question 29

If drug blood level is low

Answer 29

dosage may be increased

Question 30

if a drug blood level is high

Answer 30

dosage must be reduced

Question 31

DRUG INTERACTIONS

Answer 31

When the action of one drug is altered or changed | by the action of another drug

Question 32

Desired Action

Answer 32

What we want to happen

Question 33

Side effects

Answer 33

Things we know can happen but hope they don’t.

Question 34

Adverse effects

Answer 34

Things that happen that were unexpected or dangerous. | common and serious

Question 35

Idiosyncratic reactions

Answer 35

Occur when something unusual/abnormal | happens when drug is first administered

Question 36

Allergic reactions

Answer 36

the abnormal reaction of your immune system to a | medication

Question 37

Most drug interactions that alter absorption happen in the

Answer 37

GI tract

Question 38

Alterations in absorption can be managed by

Answer 38

separating the times of administration

Question 39

Drugs are “bound” to....in the blood during transportation

Answer 39

proteins

Question 40

If a drug is 90% bound to a protein, then

Answer 40

10% of the drug is | providing the physiologic effect.

Question 41

Neuromuscular Blockers

Answer 41

Used during anesthesia and surgery to relax muscle groups (Prevents laryngeal spasms)

Question 42

what medication “paralyzes” the muscles, including the diaphragm? but does not take pain away?

Answer 42

neuromuscular blockers

Question 43

Nurse needs to monitor for adverse effects up to...(neuromuscular blockers)

Answer 43

48 hours

Question 44

Medications that potentiate the affects of Neuromuscular Blockers

Answer 44

Aminoglycosides and Tetracyclines

Question 45

Aminoglycosides

Answer 45

The “micin group”, gentamicin, tobramycin, | streptomycin, neomycin.

Question 46

Tetracyclines

Answer 46

The “cycline group” tetracycline, doxycycline, | minocycline, tigecycline

Question 47

early signs of respiratory depression

Answer 47

Restlessness, Anxiety, Lethargy, Decreased Alertness, and Headache

Question 48

late signs of respiratory depression

Answer 48

Use of abdominal, intercostal, or neck muscles, Flaring of nostrils, Shallow, rapid respirations, and Cyanosis

Question 49

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

Answer 49

Used to treat low back pain and spastic muscle | conditions

Question 50

Spasticity

Answer 50

Muscle hypertonicity and involuntary jerks; stiff, awkward movements; complication of multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy

Question 51

Muscle spasms

Answer 51

Sudden alternating contractions and relaxations or sustained contractions of muscles