Cardiac 22,27, and 28

Question 1

Hydralazine (Apresoline) adverse effects

Answer 1

numbness, tingling in legs, and nasal congestion

Question 2

Hydralazine (Apresoline) serious adverse effects

Answer 2

Fever, chills, joint and muscle pain

Question 3

what is used is used in severe hypertensive crisis and refractory heart failure?

Answer 3

Nitroprusside

Question 4

Hydralazine (Apresoline) action

Answer 4

Relax arterial smooth muscle, reducing peripheral vascular resistance

Question 5

what can happen if you abruptly stop clonidine?

Answer 5

withdrawal symptoms and a rebound effect of increased blood pressure

Question 6

clonidine and tizanidine uses

Answer 6

Considered adjunctive therapy; used only in combination with other antihypertensives

Question 7

clonidine and tizanidine severe adverse effect may be?

Answer 7

depression

Question 8

Urine will darken on exposure to air; this is not…

Answer 8

harmful (False-positive urine glucose tests may occur)

Question 9

Cardura, (doxazosin), 
Minipress (prazosin), 
terazosin, 
Flomax (tamsulosin)
ACTION

Answer 9

produce vasodilation, decrease

peripheral vascular resistance

Question 10

Cardura, (doxazosin), 
Minipress (prazosin), 
terazosin, 
Flomax (tamsulosin)
USE

Answer 10

reduce blood pressure and reduce mild to moderate urinary obstruction

Question 11

calcium channel blockers are effective for what group?

Answer 11

african americans and elderly patients

Question 12

Eplerenone (Inspra) action

Answer 12

Block stimulation of aldosterone at receptor sites, preventing sodium reabsorption

Question 13

Eplerenone (Inspra) uses

Answer 13

used combination with other antihypertensives to reduce blood pressure, used to treat heart failure

Question 14

Eplerenone (Inspra) serious adverse effects

Answer 14

Hyperkalemia, hyperlipidemia, and vaginal bleeding

Question 15

Aliskiren (Tekturna) is reserved for

Answer 15

patients who do not respond to ACE

inhibitors or ARBs.

Question 16

Serious adverse effects of Angiotensin II

Blockers (ARBs)

Answer 16

Hyperkalemia, more common in patients with

renal impairment or DM

Question 17

when administering ARBs monitor

Answer 17

potassium levels

Question 18

Valsartan and Losartan action

Answer 18

Alone or in combination with other

antihypertensives to reduce blood pressure

Question 19

Serious adverse effects of Angiotension-Converting

Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors

Answer 19

Angioedema, Hyperkalemia, May cause fetal harm, and May increase blood levels of digoxin and lithium

Question 20

Many patients taking ACE inhibitors may develop?

Answer 20

a chronic, dry, nonproductive, persistent cough thought to be due to an accumulation of bradykinin. It may appear from 1 week to 6 months after initiation of ACE inhibitor therapy.  Women appear to be more susceptible than men. It may be severe enough that the patient must stop the drug and replace it with an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB). The cough resolves within 1 to 30 days after discontinuation of ACE inhibitor therapy.

Question 21

Benazepril (Lotensin), 
Captopril (Capoten), 
Enalapril/Enalaprilat,
 Lisinopril 
(Zestril and Ramipril (Altace)
 ACTION

Answer 21

reduce blood pressure; preserve cardiac output; and

increase renal blood flow

Question 22

atenolol (Tenormin)

metoprolol (Lopressor)

Answer 22

Hold medication if systolic BP is less than 100
mm Hg or if heart rate is less than 60 bpm;
contact prescriber