gastrointestinal pharm. exam Flashcards
what is the top priority for a patient taking capsules?
the pt needs to swallow it whole
define a proton pump inhibitor
inhibits pump from secreting too much acid
most common side effect of antacids
constipation
what medication sticks to ulcers?
carafate
What antibiotic clears H. pylori
clarithromycin
antispasmodic meds relax…
the muscles
causes of constipation
iron, diet, meds, and hydration
an older adult is given medication. What do they need to report?
confusion
What two medications reduce stomach acid?
antihistamines and proton pump inhibiters
What helps with incontinence, reduces frequency/urgency, and stops spasms?
antispasmodic medications
What is important for oral health?
medications, odor, dry mouth, and dental Hx
What is a crucial aspect of Miralax?
retention
If a child takes Ditropan they most likely take it for…?
bed wetting
A nurse should tell the mother of a 11 month old to increase…?
fluids
normal bowel function
at least every 3 days
If a pt has constipation. What should be increased?
fluids/water
To prevent the spread of diarrhea
wash hands
If a patient takes a fleet enema everyday
instruct them to stop (increase fruits and leafy greens and fiber supplements)
overactive bladder syndrome treatment goal is?
decrease frequency and reduce urinary urge
magnesium hydroxide action (lubricant laxative)
lubricates intestinal wall and helps smooth passage of fecal matter
stool softeners do not cause…?
peristalsis
stimulant laxatives cause?
irritation which promotes peristalsis
Osmotic laxative action
draws water into the intestines causing peristalsis
list 3 antiemetics
droperidol, ondansetron, and dexamethasone
osmotic laxatives
polyethylene glycol, lactulose, and glycerin
3 causes of diarrhea
enzyme deficiency, excessive use of laxatives, and drug therapy
for pt’s who are given laxatives routinely administer with a…?
full glass of water
criteria for chronic constipation
present for 3 months
medications that cause constipation
morphine, codeine, and anticholinergic agents
______ containing magnesium may also cause diarrhea
Antacids
Name 3 complications associated with prolonged/severe diarrhea
dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and exhaustion
define constipation
infrequent stools or difficult stool passage
if a pt is experiencing painful spasms. What should be administered?
pyridium
pt has a distended and tender abdomen. What is the priority assessment?
pt may be impacted
Name the most common diarrhea medication
immodium (loperimide hydrochloride)
with any GU and GI what do you increase?
fluids
if a pt should not strain during deification? what should you give them?
stool softener
thrush(candidas) treatment
nistatin (antifungal)
what organism causes peptic ulcers?
H.pylori
condition of lack of saliva?
xerostomia (saliva substitutes)
adverse effects of pyridium
reddish-orange urine is common and yellowing of the skin and the eyes is adverse
psyllium nurse intervention
give with a full glass of water
medication for reflux and gastroparesis
regalin(metoclopramide)
medications for motion sickness
dramamine and benadryl)
most common symptom of reflux
heartburn
What can H.pylori cause?
peptic ulcers
common side effects of meds for constipation
abdominal cramping
what med may cause jaw and neck spasms
regalin
what meds prevent nausea?
antimetics
pt gets antispasmodics for urinary spasms. What may they experience?
dry mouth
when would you give carafate? When would you not?
cautioned with pt’s with diabetes and kidney disease (sucralfate)
medication for short periods of motion sickness
scopolamine
medication for long periods of motion sickness
antihistamine
