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LPN LOADING... > pharm-drugs thyroid > Flashcards

pharm-drugs thyroid Flashcards

1
Q

symptoms of Hypothyroidism

A

Slowed motion,
speech, mental
process

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2
Q

symptoms of Thyrotoxicosis

A

Increased temperature, pulse, BP, increased appetite, and weight loss

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3
Q

two classes of drugs for thyroid disease

A

Thyroid replacement hormones (hypothyroid) and Antithyroid agents (hyperthyroid)

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4
Q

If surgery is planned for hypothyroidism then?

A

Order tracheostomy set at bedside, consider risk of Respiratory distress, and Tetany; have IV calcium available at bedside

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5
Q

most common thyroid replacement drug

A

Levothyroxine

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6
Q

levothyroxine action

A

Replace deficient T3 and T4 hormones

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7
Q

Levothyroxine interactions

A

Warfarin, Digoxin, Estrogens, and Cholestyramine

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8
Q

what does levothyroxine need?

A

increased dosage of anticoagulants and decreased dose of digoxin

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9
Q

what requires you to wear latex gloves and watch for personnel allergies?

A

iodine 131

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10
Q

how long does it take to see the full effect of iodine 131?

A

3-6 months

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11
Q

name a sign of hyperthyroidism

A

hyperglycemia

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12
Q

what does diabetes lead to?

A

retinopathy, cardiomyopathy, and neuropathic complications

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13
Q

diabetes is a higher incidence in…?

A

African Americans, Hispanics, American Indians, Native Alaskans, and women.

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14
Q

type 1 diabetes is caused by

A

autoimmune destruction of the beta cells in the pancreas (Pancreas can no longer secrete insulin)

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15
Q

what does type 1 diabetes require?

A

Requires insulin for the rest of their life

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16
Q

define exogenous

A

Originating or produced from outside a cell, tissue, or organism

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17
Q

what are the symptoms of type 1 diabetes?

A

Polydipsia, Polyphagia, Polyuria, and Weight loss

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18
Q

90% to 95% of pt’s with diabetes are?

A

type 2

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19
Q

Supplemental insulin or oral antidiabetic drugs are prescribed to these pt’s

A

Type 2

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20
Q

<100 mg/dL

A

normal fasting glucose

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21
Q

≥100 mg/dL

A

impaired fasting glucose

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22
Q

a glucose of <126 mg/dL demonstrates

A

impaired fasting glucose

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23
Q

Microvascular complications(Destruction of capillaries) Causes…

A

blindness, renal failure, and neuropathies

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24
Q

with macrovascular complications what can occur?

A

atherosclerosis, stroke, and myocardial infarction

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25
Q

diabetic pt’s are more susceptible to…?

A

infection

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26
Q

postprandial hyperglycemia

A

an exaggerated rise in blood sugar following a meal

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27
Q

Patient should check blood glucose level before

A

each meal and at bedtime

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28
Q

make sure your pt. has food on the

unit or in front of them…

A

before administering insulin

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29
Q

physical indicators of diabetes

A

Hyperglycemic or hypoglycemic episodes

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30
Q

diabetic laboratory study

A

Hemoglobin A1c

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31
Q

To detect vascular changes

A

check vision frequently

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32
Q

what is the importance of foot care?

A

because of neuropathy the nurse needs to check for infection

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33
Q

Patient Education

A

Maintain blood pressure control, Maintain normal blood lipids, and Maintain BMI <25 kg/m2

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34
Q

Somatrin

A

a growth hormone, treats growth hormone deficiencies, such as turners syndrome

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35
Q

Hydrocortizone

A

a glucocorticoid, provides replacement therapy for acute and chronic adrenocortical insufficiency, such as Addison’s disease.

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36
Q

glucagon

A

a hyperglycemic that treats severe hypoglycemia from insulin toxicity

37
Q

desmopressin

A

antidiuretic hormone that treats diabetes insipidus

38
Q

hydrocortisone is identical to cortisol, the primary…

A

glucocorticoid the adrenal cortex generates

39
Q

does a diabetic pt need carbs?

A

yes (45% to 65%)

40
Q

Monitor glucose level

A

before, during, and after exercise

41
Q

what causes hypoglycemia?

A

too much insulin, insufficient food
intake, vomiting and diarrhea, and excessive
exercise

42
Q

symptoms of hypoglycemia

A

Nervousness, tremors, headache,
apprehension, sweating, cold and clammy skin, and
hunger

43
Q

treatments for hypoglycemia

A

Administering food/liquids if able to swallow

If unable to swallow, administer glucagon or IV fluids with 50% dextrose

44
Q

what causes hyperglycemia?

A

nonadherence, overeating, acute illness, or infection

45
Q

symptoms of hyperglycemia

A

Headache, nausea and vomiting,
abdominal pain, dizziness, rapid pulse, rapid
shallow respirations, and acetone odor to breath

46
Q

treatment for hyperglycemia

A

Administration of IV fluids; insulin;
monitoring blood glucose, ketones, and
potassium

47
Q

insulin is needed so that…

A

glucose can enter skeletal muscle and fat, needed for protein and lipid metabolism

48
Q

adverse effects of insulin

A

Hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and allergic reactions

49
Q

insulin can cause death due to hypoglycemia. What else does the nurse need to remember?

A

site infection

50
Q

should you shake insulin?

A

no, roll vial gently in palm of hand to warm and resuspend

51
Q

what two insulins should not be mixed?

A

short and rapid acting

52
Q

glucagon drug action

A

Breaks down stored glycogen to glucose

53
Q

drug use of glucagon

A

treatment of hypoglycemic reactions

54
Q

adverse of effects of glucagon

A

Nausea and vomiting

55
Q

glucagon administration

A

SC, IM, or IV. Should respond in 5 to 20 minutes; if not, 1 to 2 additional doses

56
Q

metformin drug action

A

Decreases hepatic glucose production (increases insulin sensitivity)

57
Q

adverse effects of metformin

A

abdominal cramps, flatulence (Numerous drug/alcohol interactions)

58
Q

metformin is used when

A

diet and exercise alone are not effective

59
Q

metformin will not cause

A

hypoglycemia

60
Q

IV radiopaque dyes can induce temporary
renal insufficiency; metformin should be
discontinued …

A

24 to 48 hours before
procedures and 2 to 3 days after procedure
until normal renal function

61
Q

Sulfonylurea action

A

Stimulate release of insulin from beta cells of pancreas

62
Q

Sulfonylurea use

A

for type 2 diabetes mellitus

63
Q

Sulfonylurea adverse effects

A

Hypoglycemia, vomiting, and abdominal cramps

64
Q

if a Patient is allergic to sulfonamides they may be allergic to

A

sulfonylureas

65
Q

Acarbose (Precose) drug action

A

Controls diabetes by inhibiting the enzymes that break down starches and carbohydrates in the intestines, lowering the necessity for insulin.

66
Q

Acarbose will not cause

A

hypoglycemia

67
Q

what does insulin do in the body?

A

insulin attaches to the cell and allows glucose to come in to make atp

68
Q

what is the opposite medication to insulin?

A

glucagon

69
Q

does a pt with gestational diabetes get insulin?

A

yes

70
Q

what type of insulin has the shortest duration?

A

rapid acting

71
Q

what is an example of a long acting insulin?

A

lantis

72
Q

what should a nurse be concerned about with a pt suffering from hypoglycemia?

A

confusion

73
Q

the pancreas is the biggest factor in both

A

types of diabetes

74
Q

when you maintain a diabetics blood glucose you are maintaining their…

A

homeostasis

75
Q

insulin must be taken by

A

injection

76
Q

a pt needs multiple injections a day because….

A

it balances the multiple meals

77
Q

warfarin causes…

A

hypoglycemia

78
Q

40 degree angle for a very

A

thin pt

79
Q

type 1 medication tells

A

cells to open up

80
Q

type 2 medication tells

A

body to be more receptive to insulin

81
Q

Sulfonylureas

A

glipizide, glimepride, and glyburide

82
Q

always give insulin to a type 1 diabetic if your not sure never…

A

hold it

83
Q

avandia (Rosiglitazone)

A

increases insulin sensitivity

84
Q

you do not put a pt back on metformin until what is done ?

A

any kind of renal test

85
Q

a pt is NPO but glucose levels are low. What do you do?

A

give glucagon

86
Q

educate a pt that they wont be stuck on insulin if they are administered it because?

A

they only need the insulin while in that sick state. When they recover they can return their usual regimen

87
Q

a important nursing intervention for diabetic pt’s is…

A

patient education

88
Q

quickest way to determine someone is a diabetic is?

A

fasting glucose

89
Q

if a diabetic pt is sick do they need more insulin?

A

it depends on the situation

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