Pharm of local anesthetics

Question 1

Three keys to ideal local anesthetic

Answer 1

Nonirritating, short onset, appropriate duration time

Question 2

All local anesthetics are _____ ____ (property)

Answer 2

weakly basic

Question 3

Drugs that have two i’s are _____

Answer 3

amides

Question 4

Ropivacaine and levobupivacaine are made only in the __ isomer

Answer 4

S

Question 5

The ___ state of the sodium channel ensures that potential only runs down the axon

Answer 5

inactive

Question 6

Local anesthetics block the ____ side of the __ channel

Answer 6

internal; Na+

Question 7

In ___ environments like abscesses, local anesthetics are ineffective because it binds an _ ion

Answer 7

acidic; H

Question 8

Adding _____ to the local anesthetic decreases absorption by ____ blood vessels

Answer 8

epinephrine; constricting

Question 9

Esters are hydrolyzed by _____ in the blood stream

Answer 9

Pseudocholinesterase

Question 10

The breakdown of ___ results in ___, which can be an allergen

Answer 10

esters; PABA

Question 11

Amides are broken down by the _____

Answer 11

liver

Question 12

Drugs with high ____ solubility have a ____ potency

Answer 12

lipid; high

Question 13

Drugs with highly lipid soluble are ___ readily removed from the blood stream

Answer 13

less

Question 14

___ determines how much of drug is unionized

Answer 14

pKa

Question 15

____ drugs have a faster onset because their __ is close to the body’s ___

Answer 15

Unionized; pKa, pKa

Question 16

Higher ___ solubility can result in seizures

Answer 16

lipid

Question 17

__ toxicity will onset before cardiovascular toxicity

Answer 17

CNS

Question 18

Local anesthetics can disrupt heart ______ and _____

Answer 18

conduction; contraction

Question 19

Local anesthetic toxicity can be treated using _____

Answer 19

intralipids

Question 20

____ is the only muscular vasoconstrictor at high concentrations

Answer 20

cocaine

Question 21

____ is also fix cardiac arrythmias

Answer 21

Lidocaine

Question 22

Prilocaine can cause ________-

Answer 22

methemoglobinemia

Question 23

Low levels of CNS toxicity cause _____ taste and ______ in ears

Answer 23

metallic; ringing