Pharm of local anesthetics Flashcards
Three keys to ideal local anesthetic
Nonirritating, short onset, appropriate duration time
All local anesthetics are _____ ____ (property)
weakly basic
Drugs that have two i’s are _____
amides
Ropivacaine and levobupivacaine are made only in the __ isomer
S
The ___ state of the sodium channel ensures that potential only runs down the axon
inactive
Local anesthetics block the ____ side of the __ channel
internal; Na+
In ___ environments like abscesses, local anesthetics are ineffective because it binds an _ ion
acidic; H
Adding _____ to the local anesthetic decreases absorption by ____ blood vessels
epinephrine; constricting
Esters are hydrolyzed by _____ in the blood stream
Pseudocholinesterase
The breakdown of ___ results in ___, which can be an allergen
esters; PABA
Amides are broken down by the _____
liver
Drugs with high ____ solubility have a ____ potency
lipid; high
Drugs with highly lipid soluble are ___ readily removed from the blood stream
less
___ determines how much of drug is unionized
pKa
____ drugs have a faster onset because their __ is close to the body’s ___
Unionized; pKa, pKa
Higher ___ solubility can result in seizures
lipid
__ toxicity will onset before cardiovascular toxicity
CNS
Local anesthetics can disrupt heart ______ and _____
conduction; contraction
Local anesthetic toxicity can be treated using _____
intralipids
____ is the only muscular vasoconstrictor at high concentrations
cocaine
____ is also fix cardiac arrythmias
Lidocaine
Prilocaine can cause ________-
methemoglobinemia
Low levels of CNS toxicity cause _____ taste and ______ in ears
metallic; ringing
