Neurodegenerative Diseases Flashcards
Alzheimer’s starts in the
Medial Temporal Lobe
Neurofibrillary tangles are found
intracellularly
Amyloid Plaques are found
extracellularly
Neurofibrillary tangles are made of
hyperphosphorylated tau proteins
Amyloid Plaques are made of
straight fibrils made of Alpha-Beta peptides (Amyloid Protein Precursors)
Tau Proteins are found mostly in
Neurons
Their function is to ____, which is lost upon phosphorylation
bind and stabilize MT
Hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins may also be ____ to the cell
toxic
Hyperphosphorylated Tau also form _____ ______ _____
insoluble helical filaments
This stain is often used in AD to image neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques
Thioflavin S
Late onset AD has a major genetic risk factor
APOE
Vascular Dementia progresses in a _____ fashion
stepwise
Lewy Bodies are made of
Alpha-synuclein proteins
Parkinson’s Disease begins in the
Substantia Nigra
Alpha Synuclein is found in _____ and probably plays a role in modulating _______ _______
synapses, synaptic vesicles
Lewy Body dementia presents with loss of _______ rather than memory
attention/executive function
3 Core symptoms of Lewy Body Dementia
Fluctuating Cognition, Parkinsonism, Recurrent Complex Visual Hallucinations
Both Lewy Body Dementia and PD start in the ____, but LBD spreads to the ______
substantia nigra/brainstem; cortex
FTD inclusion
TDP-43
CTE Inclusion
Tau
ALS Inclusion
TDP-43
ALS starts in the ______ then spreads to the ______ lobe
Spinal Cord; Frontal
ALS Mechanisms- Three Major Ways
1) ___ Dysfunction
2) Loss of ______
3) _____ ____ Damage (Due to ____1 Gene)
1) RNA
2) Proteostasis
3) Free Radical (SOD1)
Lewy Bodies show ______ cores surrounded by pale halo on path
eosinophilic
Extracellular _______ ______ also stain eosinpphilic
Amyloid Plaques