Neurodegenerative Diseases

Question 1

Alzheimer’s starts in the

Answer 1

Medial Temporal Lobe

Question 2

Neurofibrillary tangles are found

Answer 2

intracellularly

Question 3

Amyloid Plaques are found

Answer 3

extracellularly

Question 4

Neurofibrillary tangles are made of

Answer 4

hyperphosphorylated tau proteins

Question 5

Amyloid Plaques are made of

Answer 5

straight fibrils made of Alpha-Beta peptides (Amyloid Protein Precursors)

Question 6

Tau Proteins are found mostly in

Answer 6

Neurons

Question 7

Their function is to ____, which is lost upon phosphorylation

Answer 7

bind and stabilize MT

Question 8

Hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins may also be ____ to the cell

Answer 8

toxic

Question 9

Hyperphosphorylated Tau also form _____ ______ _____

Answer 9

insoluble helical filaments

Question 10

This stain is often used in AD to image neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques

Answer 10

Thioflavin S

Question 11

Late onset AD has a major genetic risk factor

Answer 11

APOE

Question 12

Vascular Dementia progresses in a _____ fashion

Answer 12

stepwise

Question 13

Lewy Bodies are made of

Answer 13

Alpha-synuclein proteins

Question 14

Parkinson’s Disease begins in the

Answer 14

Substantia Nigra

Question 15

Alpha Synuclein is found in _____ and probably plays a role in modulating _______ _______

Answer 15

synapses, synaptic vesicles

Question 16

Lewy Body dementia presents with loss of _______ rather than memory

Answer 16

attention/executive function

Question 17

3 Core symptoms of Lewy Body Dementia

Answer 17

Fluctuating Cognition, Parkinsonism, Recurrent Complex Visual Hallucinations

Question 18

Both Lewy Body Dementia and PD start in the ____, but LBD spreads to the ______

Answer 18

substantia nigra/brainstem; cortex

Question 19

FTD inclusion

Answer 19

TDP-43

Question 20

CTE Inclusion

Answer 20

Tau

Question 21

ALS Inclusion

Answer 21

TDP-43

Question 22

ALS starts in the ______ then spreads to the ______ lobe

Answer 22

Spinal Cord; Frontal

Question 23

ALS Mechanisms- Three Major Ways

1) ___ Dysfunction
2) Loss of ______
3) _____ ____ Damage (Due to ____1 Gene)

Answer 23

1) RNA
2) Proteostasis
3) Free Radical (SOD1)

Question 24

Lewy Bodies show ______ cores surrounded by pale halo on path

Answer 24

eosinophilic

Question 25

Extracellular _______ ______ also stain eosinpphilic

Answer 25

Amyloid Plaques