MS

Question 1

This virus has the strongest association with MS

Answer 1

EBV

Question 2

90% of the cases of MS appear between the ages of ___ and ____

Answer 2

10; 59

Question 3

If you have the HLA-_______ allele on your MHCII gene you have a 3x greater chance of developing MS

Answer 3

DRB1-1501

Question 4

The vast majority of the genes associated with MS have a role in _____ function

Answer 4

Immune

Question 5

Patients with a Vitamin _ deficiency may have a slightly greater risk of MS

Answer 5

D

Question 6

85% of patients present with a ____/_____ pattern of neurological dysfunction

Answer 6

relapsing/remitting

Question 7

Focal ____ signs typically show a clumsy/weak limb and this resolves after a few weeks

Answer 7

motor

Question 8

Bilateral ____-___ (sensory) sensations symptoms are classic for the diagnosis of MS

Answer 8

band like

Question 9

Optic neuritis is inflammation of the _____ ____

Answer 9

optic nerve

Question 10

Optic neuritis presents with loss of ____ vision, visual _____ or a _____ spot.

Answer 10

color; acuity; blind

Question 11

___ MRIs can be used to look for MS; you will see ___ ___spots where myelin is lost

Answer 11

Flair; bright white

Question 12

This virus is also associated with MS, but not as strongly as EBV

Answer 12

HHV-6

Question 13

___ treatment can improve both walking and survival over the placebo group

Answer 13

IFN

Question 14

MS changes from an inflammatory disease to a _____ one, with the majority of brain _____ occurring in the secondary progressive stage

Answer 14

degenerative; atrophy

Question 15

MS path shows _____ infiltrate specifically of _-cells

Answer 15

perivascular; T

Question 16

T-cells, _-cells and ___ all migrate from the periphery into the ____ in MS

Answer 16

B; macrophages; CNS

Question 17

T/F- MS lesions respect vascular territories

Answer 17

FALSE MOTHERFUCKER

Question 18

_____-enhancing lesions pick up ____ areas of demyelination while flair MRIs show any ______ areas

Answer 18

Gd; acute; demyelinated

Question 19

Gd-enhancing lesions are good for showing _____

Answer 19

CNS inflammation (blood-brain-barrier breakdown)

Question 20

Black holes are scars of ______ areas which are now filled with _____

Answer 20

demyelinated; astrocytes

Question 21

Secondary progressive MS is indicated by reaching the threshold of _____ loss

Answer 21

axonal

Question 22

Diagnosis of MS requires symptoms of demyelination with differences in _____ and ___ (can use MRI too)

Answer 22

time and space

Question 23

What are four diseases you must rule out before diagnosis of MS

Answer 23

HIV, B12 deficiency, Sarcoidosis, Lyme

Question 24

Bilateral ___ is another classic ocular sign of pontine/midbrain demyelination seen in MS

Answer 24

INO

Question 25

Demyelination of the ____ _____ (strcuture) is a clear sign of MS

Answer 25

corpus callosum

Question 26

Gd-enhancing lesions can be clinically ______

Answer 26

silent

Question 27

Oligoclonal bands are found in the ____ but not the ____

Answer 27

CSF; serum

Question 28

Most of the treatment drugs of MS work in the ____

Answer 28

periphery

Question 29

Alemtuzumab, a new secondarily progressive MS drug, targets what?

Answer 29

CD52 on B and T cells