MS Flashcards
This virus has the strongest association with MS
EBV
90% of the cases of MS appear between the ages of ___ and ____
10; 59
If you have the HLA-_______ allele on your MHCII gene you have a 3x greater chance of developing MS
DRB1-1501
The vast majority of the genes associated with MS have a role in _____ function
Immune
Patients with a Vitamin _ deficiency may have a slightly greater risk of MS
D
85% of patients present with a ____/_____ pattern of neurological dysfunction
relapsing/remitting
Focal ____ signs typically show a clumsy/weak limb and this resolves after a few weeks
motor
Bilateral ____-___ (sensory) sensations symptoms are classic for the diagnosis of MS
band like
Optic neuritis is inflammation of the _____ ____
optic nerve
Optic neuritis presents with loss of ____ vision, visual _____ or a _____ spot.
color; acuity; blind
___ MRIs can be used to look for MS; you will see ___ ___spots where myelin is lost
Flair; bright white
This virus is also associated with MS, but not as strongly as EBV
HHV-6
___ treatment can improve both walking and survival over the placebo group
IFN
MS changes from an inflammatory disease to a _____ one, with the majority of brain _____ occurring in the secondary progressive stage
degenerative; atrophy
MS path shows _____ infiltrate specifically of _-cells
perivascular; T
T-cells, _-cells and ___ all migrate from the periphery into the ____ in MS
B; macrophages; CNS
T/F- MS lesions respect vascular territories
FALSE MOTHERFUCKER
_____-enhancing lesions pick up ____ areas of demyelination while flair MRIs show any ______ areas
Gd; acute; demyelinated
Gd-enhancing lesions are good for showing _____
CNS inflammation (blood-brain-barrier breakdown)
Black holes are scars of ______ areas which are now filled with _____
demyelinated; astrocytes
Secondary progressive MS is indicated by reaching the threshold of _____ loss
axonal
Diagnosis of MS requires symptoms of demyelination with differences in _____ and ___ (can use MRI too)
time and space
What are four diseases you must rule out before diagnosis of MS
HIV, B12 deficiency, Sarcoidosis, Lyme
Bilateral ___ is another classic ocular sign of pontine/midbrain demyelination seen in MS
INO
Demyelination of the ____ _____ (strcuture) is a clear sign of MS
corpus callosum
Gd-enhancing lesions can be clinically ______
silent
Oligoclonal bands are found in the ____ but not the ____
CSF; serum
Most of the treatment drugs of MS work in the ____
periphery
Alemtuzumab, a new secondarily progressive MS drug, targets what?
CD52 on B and T cells
