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B&B Part II > Pharm of IV Anesthetics > Flashcards

Pharm of IV Anesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

Sedation means you’re ____, but hypnosis is actually putting you to ____

A

tired, sleep

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2
Q

The central compartment are the

A

brain, heart, and kidneys

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3
Q

What is the rapidly equilibrating compartment?

A

Muscle

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4
Q

What is the slowly equilibrating compartment?

A

Fat

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5
Q

The _____ phenomenon is responsible for terminating the actions of IV anesthetics

A

redistribution

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6
Q

The elimination halftime is longer depending on the _______ of infusion

A

rate/time

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7
Q

Propofol’s main use is what?

A

induction of anesthesia

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8
Q

What is the redistribution time for propofol?

A

2-8 minutes

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9
Q

What is propofol contraindicated for?

A

Egg allergy

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10
Q

What three organs help metabolize propofol?

A

Liver, Kidney, Lung

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11
Q

Kids have a larger ______ ______ so they need a higher dose per kilo of propofol

A

central compartment

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12
Q

Propofol has no effect on ____

A

pain

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13
Q

Propofol potentiates the effect of ____ by acting on the_ subunit

A

GABA; beta

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14
Q

Cardiac effects of propofol include _____ and change in ___ ____ due to vasodilation (as well as myocardial ______ )

A

hypotension; heart rate: depression

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15
Q

Respiratory effects of propofol include decreased _____ ___ (hypopnea), decreased response to _____ and ______ , and bronchodilated

A

tidal volume; hypercarbia, hypoxia

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16
Q

Neurological effects of propofol include decreased ____ rate and _______ cerebral blood flow

A

metabolic rate; decreased

17
Q

Name the four side effects of propofol

A 
PPHD
Pain on injection
Propofol related infusion syndrome (mostly in kids, acidosis)
Hypertriglyceridemia 
Decreased PMN chemotaxis
18
Q

Two absolute contraindications of propofol

A

Allergy to the drug itself or eggs

19
Q

Three relative contraindications of propofol

A

Hemodynamic instability, awareness under anesthesia, home use

20
Q

Propofol as a drug of abuse causes increased _____ in the nucleus accumbens and causes feelings of ____-____

A

dopamine; well-being

21
Q

When should you use etomidate instead of propofol as your drug of induction and why?

A

Critical illness or cardiac surgery because it does not affect hemodynamics

22
Q

Etomidate and Propofol have the same _____ time and effects- they have potentiate ____ and cause no ____ relief

A

redistribution; GABA; pain

23
Q

What is the major side effect of etomidate and what hormone does it increase?

A

Adrenal insufficiency; cortisol

24
Q

Etomidate has no cardiac or respiratory symptoms, and it has the same neurological symptoms as propofol with the addition of what?

A

Seizures

25
Q

Etomidate also causes serious _____ and _____ (one symptom) as well as _____

A

nausea and vomiting; myoclonus

26
Q

What is the redistribution time for ketamine?

A

11-16 minutes

27
Q

Where is ketamine metabolized and what is the clinically relevant metabolite?

A

Kidney, norketamine

28
Q

What is the primary receptor ketamine acts on and what does this cause?

A

NMDA, sympathetic stimulation

29
Q

Where is etomidate metabolized?

A

Liver

30
Q

What are some of the positive effects of ketamine?

A

Many ways to administrate, hyponic, amnesic, and good lung effects

31
Q

Negative side effects of ketamine

A

Dysphoria, increased ICP, increased salivation,

32
Q

What is the reversal agent for benzos?

A

Flumazenil

33
Q

What is the reversal agent for opiates?

A

Naloxone, naltrexone

34
Q

Dexmedetomidine and clonidine act on which receptor and have what effect?

A

Alpha 2 adrenoceptor, and they provide a natural sleep

35
Q

Droperidol and Haloperidol are what?

A

dopamine antagonists

36
Q

diphenhydramine and chlorpheniramine are what?

A

Antihistamines

37
Q

The z-drugs (zaleplon, zolpidem) are what?

A

Sleep Aids

38
Q

Ketamine does not require what for administration?

A

IV access

B&B Part II (17 decks)

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