pharm final- misc Flashcards
sinemet class
dopaminergic drug
antiparkinsonian
carbidopa/levodopa
sinemet MOA
To increase the % of Levodopa that reaches the brain, Levodopa is combined with Carbidopa
Carbidopa inhibits decarboxylation of levodopa peripherally, making more of levodopa (10%) available to the CNS
sinemet SE
CNS: anxiety, HA, confusion
Cardiac arrhythmias
Postural hypotension
Nausea/vomiting: Due to stimulation of dopamine receptors in chemo trigger zone (CTZ)
Dyskinesias : May result in need to decrease dose
sinemet nursing implications
Therapeutic effects may take months to develop
Effects of drug may diminish over time
Levodopa may darken sweat and urine
Acute loss of function can occur: (Near the end of the dosing period; At any time during the dose period even when the drugs levels are high; May last from minutes to hours)
Donepesil (Aricept) class
cholinesterase inhibitors
anti-alzheimers
Donepesil (Aricept) MOA
to prevent breakdown of Ach
Donepesil (Aricept) SE
GI most common: nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, diarrhea Weight loss Dizziness and headache also common Bradycardia and/or hypotension Pupil constriction
Donepesil (Aricept) nursing implications
not all patients respond to therapy
Boniva class
biphosphates
osteoporosis
Boniva MOA
prevent loss of bone/bone breakdown
Boniva SE
osteoporosis of the jaw
possible acid reflux
Boniva nursing implications
Take with 8oz of H2O at least 30 minutes before food or other meds
Take in upright position and stay upright for 30 minutes (can cause acid reflux)
Do not lie down for thirty minutes after taking
Report any jaw/mouth pain
estrogen
Estradiol, estrone, and estriol
Enter cells and bind to receptors within the cytoplasm
Promote messenger RNA activity
estrogen meds
Estradiol (Estrace)
Conjugated estrogens (Premarin)
Combination estrogen/progesterone (YAZ, Prempro)
Treatment or prevention of disorders that result from estrogen deficiency
Atrophic vaginitis Hypogonadism Oral contraception (given with a progestin) Uterine bleeding Vasomotor spasms of menopause (“hot flashes”) Osteoporosis Breast or prostate cancer Ovarian failure
estrogen actions
Protecting the heart from atherosclerosis
Retaining calcium in the bones
Maintaining the secondary female sex characteristics
estrogen indications
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
Palliative and preventive therapy during menopause
estrogen contraindications
Allergies and pregnancy
Idiopathic vaginal bleeding, breast cancer, and estrogen dependent cancer, thromboembolic disorders
estrogen SE
Thrombolytic events—most serious Nausea—most common Hypertension, thrombophlebitis, edema Vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain May cause photosensitivity
benign prostatic hyperplasia
Hyperplasia of prostatic cells causes a compression of the urethra
Increased incidence with age
? If related to testosterone production
BPH symtpoms
Dysuria Difficulty initiating stream/weak stream Urgency/frequency Nocturia Hematuria
Tamsulosin (Flomax) class
alpha adrenergic blockers
Tamsulosin (Flomax) MOA
Relax sympathetic effects on the bladder and urinary tract
descrease the size of the prostate
Tamsulosin (Flomax) SE
Headache, fatigue, orthostatic hypotension, decreased libido
