musculoskeletal Flashcards
muscle spasm
sudden, involuntary painful muscle contraction that occurs with trauma, i.e. sprain, strain
spasticity
increased muscle tone or contraction with stiff, awkward movements. Occurs with spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis
uses for baclofen (lioresal)
spasticity, MS, spinal cord injury
baclofen (lioresal) SE
anticholinergic- sedation, drowsiness, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, hallucinations, memory impairment
baclofen (lioresal) nursing precautions
Give with milk or food to decrease GI upset
Assess pain relief with spasms
No alcohol, antihistamines (have sedative effect)
Safety implications
osteoporosis
Age-related metabolic disease
Bone demineralization results in loss of bone mass, leading to fragile and porous bones and subsequent fractures
Most common in wrist, hip and vertebral column
May be asymptomatic until fracture occurs
More common in postmenopausal women
osteoporosis prevention
Adequate intake of calcium
Adequate intake Vitamin D
Regular exercise. Weight bearing activities
Stop smoking-cant regenerate bone
biphosphates
osteoporosis- prevents loss of bone, block the breakdown of bone
long duration of action (qWeek or qMonth)
biphosphates nursing precautions
Take with 8oz of H2O at least 30 minutes before food or other meds
Take in upright position and stay upright for 30 minutes (can cause acid reflux)
Do not lie down for thirty minutes after taking
Report any jaw/mouth pain
gout
Systemic disease in which urate crystals deposit in joints and other body tissue and cause inflammation
Leads to abnormal amounts of uric acid in the body
Primarily seen in the big toe
A disorder of purine metabolism
osteoarthritis
Crepitus- bone on bone movement causing cracking, popping (presence of air in the subQ tissue)
Symptoms: joint pain, stiffness, crepitus, limited ROM
Symptoms peak in the morning
rheumatoid arthritis
swelling and inflammation of the joint
Joint disfigurement
Autoimmune=> immunosuppressant
