pharm final- antibiotics and eye/herb Flashcards
(28 cards)
Changes in flora place patient at risk for 3 common super infection
Yeast infections
Diarrhea from C. Difficile
Oral Thrush
antibiotic resistance
Produce enzyme that deactivates antimicrobial drug.
Change cell permeability to prevent drug from entering.
Produce chemical that acts as an antagonist to the drug.
cephalosporin drug action and effects info
Chemically related to penicillins Broad spectrum activity Most commonly prescribed antibiotics Active against gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli. Bactericidal: interfere with cell wall synthesis Most given IV Adverse effects: GI; CNS Resistance
ceftriaxone (rocephin) class
third generation cephalosporin
ceftriaxone (rocephin) MOA
Have the broadest spectrum activity
Effective against gram-negative organisms
Rarely develop toxicitiy even at high doses
Easily absorbed into blood and body fluids including CSF (meningitis)
ceftriaxone (rocephin) SE
may cause reversible jaundice
GI; CNS
ceftriaxone (rocephin) nursing implications
Take with food or milk to prevent GI upset.
Notify if signs of an allergic reaction.
5%-16% with penicillin allergy will have allergy to cephalosporins
May need lesser dose with impaired renal function.
May cause nephrotoxicity
fluoroquinolones drug action and effects info
Bactericidal with a broad range of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.
Interfere with the enzyme needed for the synthesis of bacterial DNA.
Resistance develops quickly.
Have potential for severe adverse reactions such as CNS toxicity and cardiac arrhythmias
levofloxacin (levaquin) class
fluoroquinolones
levofloxacin (levaquin) MOA
Bactericidal with a broad range of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.
Interfere with the enzyme needed for the synthesis of bacterial DNA.
levofloxacin (levaquin) SE
Adjust dosage with renal impairment.
Monitor for leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia.
Depresses bone morrow- pancytopenia
Can cause dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, paresthesia
Anemia: fatigue, SOB, pale skin, intolerance to cold.
Thrombocytopenia: bleeding
May cause photosensitivity.
levofloxacin (levaquin) nursing implications
Drink plenty of fluids while taking.
Don’t take with milk, antacids, iron preparations
aminoglycosides drug action and effects info
Disrupt bacterial protein synthesis
Reserved for treatment of gram-negative infections not sensitive to less toxic agents.
Narrow therapeutic window so require careful dosaging.
Associated with significant nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.
Given IV or IM (oral poor absorption)
Amikacin (Amikin) class
aminoglycoside
Amikacin (Amikin) MOA
Disrupt bacterial protein synthesis
Reserved for treatment of gram-negative infections not sensitive to less toxic agents.
Amikacin (Amikin) SE
possible dehydration and hearing impairment
Amikacin (Amikin) nursing implications
Monitor peak and trough Watch renal function. 30cc/hour Keep well hydrated to prevent. Watch for hearing impairment. Hemolytic reactions-Low RBC count
peak concentration
highest level of the drug (once steady state reached)
Thirty minutes after the drug is infused
trough concentration
lowest level of the drug (once steady state reached)
Thirty minutes before the next dose is due
administration of eye drops
Tip of dropper should remain sterile
Systemic effect eye drop- apply pressure to the lacrimal duct
glaucoma meds to decrease Intraocular Pressure (IOP)
Facilitate aqueous humor outflow (reabsorption)
Reduce aqueous humor production
timolol class
beta blocker (a first line drug for glaucoma)
timolol MOA
decreases formation of aqueous humor
timolol SE
slowed heart rate (bradycardia)
