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pharm > pharm final- endocrine and GI > Flashcards

pharm final- endocrine and GI Flashcards

1
Q

Glucophage (metformin) class

A

biguanides

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2
Q

Glucophage (metformin) MOA

A

Decrease intestinal absorption of glucose; Increase use of glucose by muscle and fat cells. Decrease hepatic glucose production.

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3
Q

Glucophage (metformin) nursing implications

A

Avoid use of alcohol
IV dye caution Be aware of shellfish and iodine allergies, toxic to the kidneys (increases risk of developing renal problems after dye procedure
GI side effects

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4
Q

insulin therapy

A

Given as sub-q injection or IV infusion

Goal is get HbA1c below 6.0

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5
Q

insulin therapy

A

Given as sub-q injection or IV infusion

Goal is get HbA1c

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6
Q

Humalog (lispro)

A

rapid acting

clear

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7
Q

aspart (NovoLog)

A

rapid acting clear

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8
Q

regular insulin

A

short acting

clear

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9
Q

Humulin R

A

short acting

clear

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10
Q

NPH insulin

A

intermediate acting

cloudy

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11
Q

levemir (detemir)

A

long acting

clear

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12
Q

levemir

A

long acting

clear

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13
Q

Lantus

A

basal, 24 hour acting
clear
Lantus is administered at bedtime

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14
Q

rapid acting onset peak duration

A

onset 10-15 min
peak 1 hr
duration 2-4 hr

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15
Q

short acting onset peak duration

A

onset 1/2-1 hr
peak 2-4 hr
duration 5-7 hr

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16
Q

intermediate acting onset peak duration

A

onset 1-1.5 hr
peak 4-12 hr
duration up to 24 hr

17
Q

long acting onset peak duration

A

onset 3-4 hr
peak none for lantus; 3-14 for detemir
duration 24-36 hr

18
Q

treatment for hypoglycemia

A 
Moderate: 4oz fruit juice
Lifesavers, candy, honey, syrup
Repeat if no relief in 15 minutes
Follow up with a protein 
Type I should carry CHO source
IV glucagon
Frequently recheck BS levels
19
Q

if hypoglycemia is left untreated

A

Decrease glucose to the brain->seizures
If unresponsive or unable to swallow need to give D50 IV over 10 minutes or IM glucagon, or buccal CHO source
Do not give oral if unresponsive
Always treat as if hypoglycemia

20
Q

Levothyroxine (Levothroid; Synthroid) nursing implications

A

Lifelong therapy
Do not alter brand of medication (Not every thyroid preparation is the same, blood levels need to be drawn)
Take routinely same time in the morning.
Best absorbed on an empty stomach.

21
Q

glucocorticoids

A

aka corticosteroids

anti-inflammatory, maintain glucose levels, decrease immune response,

22
Q

mineralocorticoids

A 
retain sodium (maintain volume status), potassium gets released 
ex aldosterone
23
Q

uses for corticosteroids

A

Anti-inflammatory: exacerbation of COPD, inflammatory bowel disease, dermatologic reactions, hypersensitivity reactions, spinal cord injuries. Short term use.
Autoimmune disease: lupus, myasthenia gravis, Guilliane-Barre, arthritis (long term use)
Anti-rejection in transplants
Replacement therapy-Addison’s disease

24
Q

SE of long term corticosteroid use

A 
“Buffalo hump” and “moon face”
Deposit of adipose tissue
Mask symptoms of infection
Thin extremities 
Bruise easily
Emotional liability
Elevated blood sugar 
Possibility of GI bleed
Acne
Osteoporosis
Takes calcium out of the bone and puts it in the blood
Facial hair growth
Mood swings
Poor wound healing
25
Q

Protonix (pantoprazole) class

A

proton pump inhibitors

26
Q

Protonix (pantoprazole) MOA

A

suppress gastric acid secretion by inhibiting H+/K+ ATP pumps.

27
Q

Protonix (pantoprazole) SE

A

CNS- Dizziness, headache, confusion,

GI- Bloating, diarrhea

28
Q

Protonix (pantoprazole) nursing implications

A

Do not open, crush, or chew capsules

29
Q

Zofran (ondansetron) class

A

5-HT3 Receptor Blockers

30
Q

Zofran (ondansetron) MOA

A

Block receptors in the CTZ

31
Q

Zofran (ondansetron) nursing implications

A

Mainly used for prevention/treatment of nausea vomiting with chemotherapy. Expensive (not so much any more).
Post-op, cardiac patients, all types of patients

32
Q

Zofran (ondansetron) SE

A

Headache, dizziness

pharm (16 decks)

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