pharm final- cv

Question 1

Lasix (furosemide) class

Answer 1

loop diuretic

Question 2

Lasix (furosemide) MOA

Answer 2

they act on the ascending loop of henle to inhibit sodium and chloride absorption. vasoconstriction

Question 3

SE of furosemide (loop diuretics)

Answer 3

Hypotension
Hypokalemia
Hyperglycemia
Ototoxicity
Hypocalcemia
Dehydration

Question 4

loop diuretics nursing implications

Answer 4

Do not give dosages before bedtime
Perform daily weights, same time, same scale
Report weight gain 2lbs in 2 days
Pts are frequently taking potassium supplements
Dietary teaching for potassium
Postural hypotension
Maintain adequate fluid intake
Don’t double doses if dose missed

Question 5

Spironolactone (aldactone) class

Answer 5

k sparing

Question 6

Spironolactone (aldactone) MOA

Answer 6

Synthetic steroid that blocks aldosterone receptors, increases sodium and water excretion while conserving potassium

Question 7

Spironolactone (aldactone) SE

Answer 7

Hyperkalemia

Hyponatremia

Question 8

Spironolactone (aldactone) Nursing implications

Answer 8

Do not give potassium supplements
ACE inhibitors can cause hyperkalemia
Avoid prolonged sun exposure
Administration with food increases absorption
A loading dose may be given
Delay in onset of action (several weeks for antihypertensive effect)

Question 9

metoprolol (lopressor) class

Answer 9

beta blocker

antihypertensive

Question 10

metoprolol (lopressor) MOA

Answer 10

Block beta receptor sites which are responsive to epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Cause a decrease in heart rate.
Cause a decrease in blood pressure.
Cause a decrease in cardiac output.
May cause bronchoconstriction.

Question 11

metoprolol (lopressor) SE

Answer 11

Headache
Fatigue
Lethargy
Mask hypoglycemia*** especially in diabetics
Asthma: symptoms to monitor for bronchoconstriction

Question 12

metoprolol (lopressor) nursing implications

Answer 12

Monitor heart rate and blood pressure
Monitor for symptoms of CHF
hold med if BP is too low

Question 13

Diltiazem (Cardizem) class

Answer 13

calcium channel blocker

antihypertensive

Question 14

Diltiazem (Cardizem) MOA

Answer 14

block the calcium channels in the specialized tissue of muscle cells of the heart and in the smooth muscle cells in the walls of blood vessels.
Dilate coronary arteries.
Decrease heart rate.
Decrease blood pressure.
Decrease cardiac output.

Question 15

Diltiazem (Cardizem) SE

Answer 15

Headache
Flushing (facial flushing from vasodilation)
Peripheral edema
Fatigue
Hypotension

Question 16

Diltiazem (Cardizem) nursing implications

Answer 16

Monitor heart rate and blood pressure

Grapefruit juice may interfere with actions

Question 17

Enalapril (Vasotec) class

Answer 17

Ace inhibitors

antihypertensive

Question 18

Enalapril (Vasotec) MOA

Answer 18

Decreases the formation of angiotensin II. Also decreases the secretion of aldosterone.
Decreases blood pressure.
Improves cardiac output.
no effect on HR

Question 19

Enalapril (Vasotec) SE

Answer 19

**Cough: 5-10% will develop**
Dizziness, headache, vertigo
Photosensitivity
Abdominal pain
Hyperkalemia: inhibits aldosterone

Question 20

Enalapril (Vasotec) nursing implications

Answer 20

Monitor blood pressure
Monitor serum potassium-kidneys regulate K+
Monitor renal function-Creatinine and sometimes BUN
Antacids may decrease absorption

Question 21

clonidine (catapres patch) class

Answer 21

vasodilator

antihypertensive

Question 22

clonidine (catapres patch) MOA

Answer 22

Alpha adrenergic blockers: block alpha receptors that mediate vasomotor tone
Central acting: Causes decreased production of epinephrine
Direct acting vasodilator: act directly on smooth muscle in the walls of the blood vessels to cause relaxation of the vessel wall.

Question 23

clonidine (catapres patch) SE

Answer 23

Hypotension
Reflex tachycardia-blood pressure goes down and HR goes up
Headache
Orthostatic hypotension

Question 24

clonidine (catapres patch) nursing implications

Answer 24

Take off patch, clean the place where old patch was, clean where new patch is going, rotate sites

Question 25

nitroglycerin class

Answer 25

nitrates | antianginals

Question 26

nitroglycerin MOA

Answer 26

Dilates coronary arteries, veins arteries.

Question 27

nitroglycerin SE

Answer 27

``` **Headache** Hypotension Dizziness Flushing Reflex tachycardia ```

Question 28

nitroglycerin nursing implications

Answer 28

*Sublingual tablets q5min for three doses if angina *NTG tablets need to protect from light *Watch expiration date (3 months) When taken should feel slight tingling sensation Sublingual spray is highly flammable Close mouth immediately after spraying under tongue Do not swallow or inhale the spray avoid use with alcohol (vasodilation) avoid use with viagra (vasodilation)

Question 29

simvastatin (zocor) class

Answer 29

statins | antilipemic

Question 30

simvastatin (zocor) MOA

Answer 30

block the last step in the formation of cholesterol | Increase number LDL receptors

Question 31

simvastatin (zocor) SE

Answer 31

GI: nausea, constipation, bloating, gas Myopathy: muscle soreness, aches and weakness Liver dysfunction: jaundice, clay colored stools, dark urine, right upper quadrant pain

Question 32

simvastatin (zocor) nursing implications

Answer 32

``` Administer with food at bedtime Monitor lipid levels Avoid pregnancy Report myopathy, liver dysfunction symptoms Monitor LFTs ```

Question 33

digoxin (lanoxin) class

Answer 33

cardiac glycoside | antiarrythmics

Question 34

digoxin (lanoxin) MOA

Answer 34

decreases HR | increases contractility

Question 35

digoxin (lanoxin) SE

Answer 35

(toxicity) | bradycardia, N/V, visual disturbances.

Question 36

digoxin (lanoxin) nursing implications

Answer 36

MUST take HR before administration (hold if