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Nursing School Pt 2 > Pharm Exam 3 > Flashcards

Pharm Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

what kind of drug is contraindicated for an asthma patient?

A

bronchoconstrictors

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1
Q

Where does bicarb get secreted

A

epithelial cells of the stomach and duodenum

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2
Q

What type of drug is toradol

A

NSAID, nonopioid analgesic, inhibits prostaglandin. 5 day use only

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2
Q

Where does NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandins

A

periphery

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4
Q

This is a stool softener/lubcricant that increases water retention in the stool

A

emollient laxatives

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4
Q

This is a short acting potent antacid that is sytemically absorbed

A
  • alka selzer (Sodium Bicarbonate)
  • anti-ulcer agent
  • admin PO or IV- for metabolic acidosis
  • SE: cerebral hemorrhage, edema
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5
Q

Side effects of stimulant laxatives?

A
  • hypokalemia
  • tetany
  • muscle weakness
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6
Q

What kind of drug is colchicine?

A

inhibits inflammation fo gout only, inhibits migration of leukocytes to the inflamed site.

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7
Q

What lab values do you need for antimalarial agents?

A
  • Eye Exams due to retinal damage
  • monitor CBC & platelet
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7
Q

Can rapid acting insulin be mixed with intermediate or long acting?

A

Yes

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7
Q

Name the onset, peak and duration for short acting insulin

A
  • Onset 30 minutes
  • Peak 2-4 hours
  • duration-6-8 hours
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8
Q

What should a patient using opiods take caution with

A
  • mao inhibitors
  • additive cns depression with alcohol
  • anti-depressants
  • antihistamines
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10
Q

What is uric acid?

A

A by product of metabolic breakdown of purine (found in food and drinks)

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11
Q

How often do you adminterster intermidate acting insulin

A

Twice a day

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12
Q

What can aspirin do to a mother who is pregnant?

A

can cause premature closure of the ductus arteriosus

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13
Q

How do stimulant laxatives work?

A

increase peristalis by irritating sensory nerve endings in the intenstinal mucosa

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14
Q

Drug categories to treat motion sickness

A
  • anticholinergic
  • Antihistamines
    • DO NOT ADMINISTER IF GLAUCOMA
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15
Q

Can short acting insulin be mixed with intermediate and long acting?

A

yes

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16
Q

Tell me about Imuran

A
  • Its an immunosuppressant
  • used for severe R.arthritis
  • purine antagonist
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18
Q

-one drugs

A

glucocorticoids

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19
Q

What does mylanta and Maaxlox contain?

A

Magesium w/ Aluminum Hydroxide

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20
Q

If a patient is NON responsive what do you give for hypoglycemia

A

Glucagon or dextrose

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21
Q

Tell me about Colace

A
  • Emollient Laxative/Stool softener
  • do not take within 2 hours of other laxatives
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21
Q

What does intermediate acting insulin end in…humulun…

A

R its cloudy

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22
Q

Name the peak, onset, and duration for rapid acting insulin

(lispro, aspart)

A
  • Onset- 10 min
  • Peak- 30-60 min
  • Duration-3-5 hours
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22
Q

What is the action for metformin

A
  • decrease hepatic production of glucose
  • reduce absorption in the gut
  • safe for patients that skip meals
  • DOES NOT RELEASE INSULIN
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22
Q

What do ergo derivaties do

A

suppress CCGRP

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22
Q

Amitriptyline is a tricylci antidepressants what does it do to prevent migraines?

A

allows more sertonin for 5ht receptors

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23
Q

What percent of dextrose do you use for a child

A

D10% (iv therapy)

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24
Q

This is a first line treatment for short term and long term use laxative

A

bulk laxatives

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24
Q

Name some bulk laxatives

A
  • fiberCon
  • Citrucel
  • Metamucil
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25
Q

What is the drug of choice for type 2 diabetes?

A

metformin (glucophage)

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26
Q

-prazole drugs

A

proton pump inhibitors

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26
Q

Tell me about hydroxychloroquine?

A
  • Its an antimalarial/antirheumatic (DMARD)
  • severe rheumatoid/lupus
  • inhibits protein synthesis
  • Seizures
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27
Q

What do antimuscurainic drugs do?

A

inhibit the action of acetylcholine at site innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves

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27
Q

This is rebound hyperglycemia causing blood sugar to drop during the night

A

Somogyi Effect

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28
Q

What happens to Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide during a migraine?

A

Rise

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29
Q

How long can a prefilled syringe of insulin be kept in the refrigerator?

A

1-2 weeks, avoid direct sunlgiht

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29
Q

How long can you keep insulin at room tempearute

A

1 month, also less irritating to the skin

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31
Q

What do steroid drugs end in?

A

-sone

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32
Q

Name the onset, peak, and duration for Intermediate Acting insulin

A
  • Onset- 1-2 hours
  • Peak 6-12 hours
  • Duration 18-24 hours
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33
Q

Tell me about Sodium phosphate

A
  • osmotic laxative/min.electrolyte supplement/phosphate supplelement
  • can cause cardiac arrest
  • fluid retention
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35
Q

What are side effects of steroids

A
  • effect metabolism
  • influence electrolytes
  • should be tapered
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37
Q

What drug can provide prophylaxis for a patient with high dose aspirin or NSAIDS?

A

Carafate

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38
Q

Name the drugs that can manage GERD?

A

Reglan, Carafate (off label)

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39
Q

What does short acting insulin end in…humulin/novolin

A

R- for ShoRt

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40
Q

Tell me about carafate

A
  • Anti-ulcer/GI protectant
  • mgmt duodenal ulcers
  • reacts w/ gastric acid forms a thick paste
  • could cause allergic rxt, dry mouth, hyperglycemia
41
Q

This drug is used for pain and cough suppression it can be used with acetominophen

A

Hydrocodon (Lortab, Vicodin)

42
Q

What are preventitive medications for migraines?

A
  • Betablockers (Inderal)
  • trycyclic Antidepressants
  • Anticonvulsants
43
Q

What is regular insulin?

A

short acting insulin, IV

43
Q

Where does acetaminophen inhibit prostaglandins

A

only the cns

44
Q

Tell me about imodium

A
  • antidiarrheal
  • increases fecal viscosity and bulk
  • doesn’t cross blood brain barrier
  • SE: drowsiness, constipation, avoid CNS depressants
44
Q

How do you administer glucagon, how long does it take to work?

A

IV, 10 minutes (may vomit)

45
Q

These drugs end in -mine

A

antihistamines

45
Q

Tell me about acarbose

A
  • Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitor/Antidiabetic
  • MGMT type 2
  • delays glucose absorption
  • PO
  • SE: ab distention
46
Q

What do serotonon drugs end in?

A

ptans

47
Q

Why should you NOT take metformin before a Ct scan?

A
  • it has iodine
  • can cause lactic acidosis 50% mortality rate
  • renal insufficiency
49
Q

Fight or flight

A

glucose level should be up

49
Q

What are th drug categories for DMARDs x4

A
  • gold drug therapy
  • immunosuppressive agnets
  • antimalarial agent
  • immunomodulators
50
Q

What are some drug/food interactions with aspirin

A
  • should not take with anticoagulants
  • oral antidiabetics
  • gluccorticoids (g.ulcer risk)
50
Q

Drug classes for antiarthritic drugs

A
  • corticosteroids
  • NSAIDs
  • DMARDs
51
Q

What is the name of long acting insulin?

A

Lantus…for lllong

53
Q

Where is bicarb produced?

A

pancreas

54
Q

What do you need to assess with NSAIDs? x5

A
  • asthma
  • rhinitis
  • urticaria (rash)
  • GI bleeding
  • Renal Function
55
Q

This happens to everyone and is due to hormones causing glucose levels to rise during the night

A

Dawn Phenomenon (wake up hyperglycemic)

56
Q

How often should you give lantus and when should they take it

A

once a day, before bed (somogyieffect)

57
Q

What do proton pump inhibitors end in?

A

-prazole

58
Q

mineralcorticoids make you hold on to salt and water

A
58
Q

What lab value to you want to get for gold drug therapy

A

monitor CBC & nephrotoxcity

59
Q

Tell me about Tums (calcium carbonate)

A
  • Mineral/Electrolyte replacement
  • SE: constipation, dysrhythmias
60
Q

What are side effects of Acarbose?

A

gas, cramps, abdominal distention. Not too significant

62
Q

This drug binds chemicals in the GI tract for acute posioning following emesis

A

Activated Charcoal

Se: black tarry stools, upper GI bleed, constipation

63
Q

How long can insulin be kept in the refridgerator?

A

3 months

64
Q

What are side effets of Ergo Derivatives?

A

phys dependence, rebound headaches, cateogry X (caus u. contractions)

66
Q

What lab values do you need for immunosuppressive agents?

A
  • CBC
  • renal
  • hepatic
67
Q

What is gout?

A

Caused by elevated uric acid in the blood. It crystallizes and deposits in the joints.

68
Q

What insulin types are cloudy

A

Lispro, NPH (intermediate)

69
Q

What disease can be caused by steroids due to adrenal insufficiency?

A

Addison’s Disease

70
Q

Name antimuscarinic drugs

A
  • glycopyrrolate
  • propantheline
  • scopolamine

increase heart rate, decrease GI motility

71
Q

Name some side effective of bulk laxatives

A
  • bronchospasms
  • decreased absoprtion of other drugs
  • esophageal intestinal obstruction
    • can solidify in the GI
73
Q

Tell me about Rolaids (Calcium Cav w/ Mag Hydroxide)

A
  • min electrolyte replacement
  • heartburn, dyspepsia, flatulence
  • requires Vitamin D to be absorbed in the GI
  • SE:constipation
74
Q

What does rapid acting insulin end in

A

-log

76
Q

How do antihistamines work in preventing motion sickness?

A

decrease excitability of the middl ear and depress conduction in pathways

SE: dry mouth

77
Q

What lab values do you want for immunomodulators?

A

Monitor CBC

79
Q

Tell me about Aluminum Hydroxide

A
  • Antiulcer agent/antacid/phosphate binder
  • Binds phophate in the GI tract
  • SE: constipation
81
Q

Tell me about auranofin

A
  • Gold Therapy Drug
  • antirheumatic
  • arrest the progression, prevent deformities
  • response is slow
  • caution for GI bleeding, diarrhea, anorexia, stomatitis
82
Q

What is the most effective drug for gastric acid secretions?

A

proton pump inhibitors

can cause bloody stools, diarrhea, fever

84
Q

What does anticholinergics inhibit?

A
  • acetylcholine
  • anti muscarinic
85
Q

Other than respiratory depression, what else can opiods cause?

A

constipation, urinary retention, orthostatic hypotension

86
Q

What does allopurinol inhibit?

A

uric acid

86
Q

What are side effects for colchine

A

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, ab pain

87
Q

Tell me about Lactulose

A
  • Osmotic Laxative
  • Treatment of chronic constipation
  • lower pH of colon
  • pulls ammonia into the bowel
  • good for liver disease
88
Q

What is a side effect of Triptans?

A

coronary vaospasma, heavy arms, and chest pressure

90
Q

Tell me about Surfak (docusate calcium)

A

emollient laxative/stool softener, incorporates water into the stool

92
Q

Tell me about magnesium hydroxide

A
  • osmoic laxative
  • draw water into the lumen causing peristalsis
  • monitor renal function
93
Q

Tell me about Remicade

A
  • Antirheumatic/Gastrointestinal/Anti-inflammatory
  • Moderate to severe R.Arthritis w/ Methotrexate
  • prevents TNF-alpha
  • decreased pain, decreased rate of joint destruction
  • can cause infections (reactivate TB)
94
Q

What are some things a patient with GERD can do to improve lifestyle

A

dont eat meals before bed, quit smoking, cut back on caffeine

95
Q

Tell me about indocin

A
  • approved for arthritis and gout
  • can be given IV to preterm infants to promote closure of the ductus arteriosus
97
Q
A
98
Q

What antihistamines are used to treat motion sickness x2?

A
  • dimenhydrinate
  • meclizine
100
Q

What does Cox 2 inhibitor do?

A
  • reduces pain
  • reduces fever
  • supresses inflammation
101
Q

What do prostaglandin secrete?

A

mucu and bicarb (antacid)

102
Q

What is the drug category for aspirin?

A
  • antipyretic
  • nonopiod analgesic
  • salicylates
103
Q

Tell me about Reglan

A
  • Antiemetic
  • chemotherapy induced emesis
  • blocks dopamin receptors in CNS
  • stimulates motility of the upper GI tract
  • accelerates gastric emptying
  • NMS (fever, muscular rigidity, altered mental status, and autonomic dysfunction)
104
Q

What does Cox 1 inhibitors do?

A
  • affects stomach lining which can lead to ulcers
  • prevent blood clotting
105
Q

What are side effects of Cox 2

A
  • Peripheral edema
  • headache dizziness
  • (maintains renal function)
106
Q

What happens to Serotonin 5-HT during a migraine?

A

falls

107
Q

What are treatments for aborting a headache?

A
  • aspirin/acetominophen
  • sertonin Agonists (triptans)
  • Ergo Alkaloids
108
Q

What is the drug of choice for rheumatoid arthritis?

A

aspirin

109
Q

What type of laxatives can be abused?

A

Stimulant Laxatives

(Ex Lax, Dulcolax, Castor Oil)

111
Q

How does exercise support diabetic patients

A
  • Need less insulin
  • use insulin more effeciently
  • Lower A1c
  • Muscle take up glucose and use for energy wheter insulin is avaliable or not
112
Q

What is the antidote for Acetominophen

A

Mucomyst

113
Q

If you give patient steroids, glucose level with go up or down?

A

up

114
Q

Name the onset, peak and duration for long acting insulin

A
  • Onset 1 hour
  • Peak- None
  • Duration-24 hours
115
Q

This drug is an opiod but does not have the abuse potential that other opiods have?

A

Codein Schedule II and III

more likely to cause constipation

Nursing School Pt 2 (13 decks)

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