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Nursing School Pt 2 > Pharm Exam 2 > Flashcards

Pharm Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Rhabdomolysis is a serious side effect of statin drugs what doesit cause

A

muscle aches that can lead to muscle disintegration & become fatal.

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2
Q

What drug category is digoxin?

A

Anti-dysrhthmia

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2
Q

What does HDL do

A

removes cholesterol and delivers it to the liver for escretion

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3
Q

Where is there an abundance of sodium in the filtrate

A

the loop of henley

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3
Q

What is the main difference between anticoagulants and antithrombolytics?

A
  • Coags prevent the formation
  • lytics disintegrates the clot
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3
Q

Orthostatic Hypotension is a problem mainly caused by dilation of the

A

veins, NOT arterioles

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4
Q

What is normal PTT balue (Partial Thromboplastin Time)

A

40 sec

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5
Q

Name food that are high in Vitamin K

A
  • Mayonnaise, Canola Oil, Soybean Oil, Green Leafy vegetables, prunes
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6
Q

Name 4 Agents that can be used for Peripheral Vascular Disease

A
  • Alpha 1 Antagonist (Minipress)
  • Antiplatelets
  • Antihypertensive (CCBs, ACE)
  • Direct Acting Peripheral Vasodilateros (Vasodilan)
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7
Q

Why should statins be taken at night?

A

cholesterol syntheses increases at night

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8
Q

Name 5 advantages of Pradaxa?

A
  1. rapid onset
  2. fixed dosage
  3. lower risk of bleeding
  4. few drug interactions
  5. no blood monitoring necessary
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9
Q

Visual Illusions or halos around objects is a side effect of what drug?

A

Digoxin

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9
Q

This agent does not affect absoprtion of fat soluble vitamins

A

Selective Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors

Exetimide (Zetia)

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10
Q

What are the most prevalent sonstiuents in the filtration from the kidneys

A

Sodium & Chloride

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11
Q

What are 4 main purposes of using Carbonic Anhydrase?

A
  1. Open Angle Glaucoma
  2. Epilepsy
  3. Alitude Sickness
  4. Metabolic Alkalosis
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12
Q

What do selective channel blockers end in?

A

dipine

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12
Q

What do peripheral vasodilators do?

A
  • dilate vessels that have been narrowed by vasospasms
  • treat atherosclerosis
  • helps afterload.
  • acts on vascular smooth muscles
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13
Q

Name the antidote for heparin

A

protamin sulfate

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13
Q

Name 3 Anti-platelet drugs

A
  1. Aspirin
  2. Clopidogrel
  3. Tirofiban
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13
Q

Name 3 Bile Acid Sequestrants

A
  1. Colesevelam (less GI side effects)
  2. Cholestyramine
  3. Fenofibrate
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14
Q

What are beta blockers most often combined with?

A

ACE or diuretics

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14
Q

This drug type is most effective at lowering triglyceride levels, but weak in LDL

A

Fibrates

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15
Q

What does grapefruit juice do to the metabolism related to CCB

A

greater than expected effects of the drug

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16
Q

How do bile acid sequestrants work?

A

decrease absorption of fat soluble vitamins (ADK)

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17
What do non selective calcium channel blockers affect
**Heart** and blood vessels ## Footnote *should be used with caution pt w/ bradycardia, and HF*
18
Name the five Categories of Antihypertensive Drugs
1. Diuretics 2. Sympatholytics 3. Direct Arterial Vasodilators 4. RAAS 1. ACE, ARBs 5. Calcium Channel Blockers
19
What is the goal lab value (PTT) for a patient taking heparin?
1-1/2 to 2 times normal value ## Footnote *\>2x risk for hemorrhage*
20
What should potassium sparing drugs be combined with?
Loop or thiaside diuretics, help maintain potassium balance.
20
Name 3 examples of potassium sparing drugs?
1. Sprionolactone (Aldactone) 2. Triamterene (Dyrenium) 3. Amiloride (Midamor)
21
Thiazide relationship with calcium
reabsorbing
22
Beta blockers relationship with calcium
reduce entry into the cell
23
Name 4 Adrenergic Agents
1. Alpha 1 Blocker *(doxazosin)* 2. Alpha 2 Agonist *(clonidine)* 3. Nonselective Beta Blocker 4. Selective Beta Blocker *(metropolol, atenolol)*
25
What are contraindications with beta blockers?
sympatholytic drugs, can cause rebound hypertension
26
How do diuretics work?
interfere with reabsorption
27
What are the 2 main reasons for using diuretics
edema, hypertension
28
What drugs will increase risk of bleeding w/ anticoagulants?
antiplatelets
30
What drugs are used to treat stable angina?
Propranolol, Atenolol (Tenormin)
31
How do diuretics decrease the preload?
by decreasing the volume, and decrease venous return to the heart
33
What do Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors end in?
-mide
34
This is an immune disorder that causes a rebound affect of heparin?
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia
35
This drug is an oral anticoagulant that is a Direct Factor Xa inhibitor?
Rivaroxaban no antidote, dialysis will not remove b/c it is largely protein bound
37
What is angioedema
non-inflammatory swelling fo the skin, mucus membranes or organs (this is a side effect in ARBs and ACE)
38
Why are osmotic diuretics safe for diabetic patients and those with head injuries?
Decreases intracranial pressure, & intraocular pressure. Pulls water towards the vasculature, does not cause loss of major electrolytes
39
Name 2 examples of Nonselective Calcium Channel Blockers
1. Verapamil (Calan) 2. Diltiazem (Cardizem)
40
What value should be monitored while taking Warfarin
INR, normal is between 1.3 - 2
41
This causes steatorrhea
Bile Acid Sequestrants
42
inhibits free fatty acids from adipose tissue
*Niacin* (s.e. flushing)
44
What do ACE inhibitor end in?
-pril
45
This is an enzyme in cholesterol?
HMG Coa Reductase (Statin)
46
Name 3 Fibric Acid Derivative Drugs
Gemifibrozil, Fenofibrate fenofibric Acid
47
What drug type ends in -sartan
ARBS
49
How long is the half life for digoxin
36-48 hours
51
Why should mannitol be used with caused for heart failure patients
because pulmonary congestion can delveop
53
Name the antidote for Warfarin
Vitamin K
54
What is the drug of choice for hypertensive emergencies
nitroprusside (nitropress)- has a 2 min half life, IV only direct acting vasodilator
55
What do selective calcium channel blockers affect?
blood vessels
56
CCB relationship with calcium
reduce influx
57
Why are CCB's the drug of choice for "variant" angina?
because they relax the arterial smooth muscles. This is where the pain comes from.
59
What drug should digoxin not be taken with?
Diuretics *\*note: dig holds on to calcium* for heart contracion
60
What is the main difference between ARBs and ACE
* ARBs blocks angiotensin II from Receptors in the tissues * *will not cause hyperkalemia or dry cough* * ACE prevents the formation of Angiotensin II
60
What do most anti-coagulants end in?
-arin
61
If fluid retention occurs in direct acting vasodilators, what can correct it?
Diuretics
62
This is useful in the prevention of thrombosis in the **arteries?**
anti-platelets
63
This drug is a direct thrombin inhibitor and has less side effects than Warfarin
Dabigatran Pradaxa ## Footnote *no antidote except dialysis*
64
Name 3 examples of Direct Acting Vasodilators?
1. Hydralazine 2. Minoxidil 3. Nitroprusside
65
What is the target range Xa factor for a patient receiveing Heparin?
0.3 - 0.7 ## Footnote *measures heparin concentration in the blood*
66
Loop diuretics relationship with calcium
wast this
68
This is used adjunct with statin drugs
bile acid sequestrants
69
What does the inhibition of the carbonic anhydrase cause?
sodium, potassium, bicarb excretion
70
Characteristics of Zocor
* Lipid Lowering Agent * HMG COA reductase inhibitor (statin) * increases HDL * decreases LDL, triglycerides
71
What are calcium channels?
Gates that regulate entry of caclium ions **into** the cell ## Footnote *calcium causes the heart to contract*
72
What are drugs that are contraindicated with potassium sparing diuretics?
ACE inhibitors, Potassium supplements, salt substitues.
73
Side effects of alpha 1 blockers
interacts with NSAIDS, hypotension
74
If reflex tachycardia occurs with direct acting vasodilators what can prevent it?
Beta Blockers
75
What are the 4 main drug categories to treat Heart Failure?
1. Diuretics 2. ACE inhibitors/ ARBs 3. Beta Blockers 4. Cardiac Glycosides
76
If calcium entering the cell causes the heart to contract, what could that result in?
increase in the need for oxygen and workload

Nursing School Pt 2 (13 decks)

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