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Nursing School Pt 2 > Patho Exam 3_Rev > Flashcards

Patho Exam 3_Rev Flashcards

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1
Q

How long can spinal shock last

A

7- to 20 days (or up to 3 months)

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1
Q

Spinal cord tumor that orginiated within the neural tissues?

A

intramedullary tumor

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1
Q

Where are subdural hematomas commonly found

A

in elderly perons who abuse alcohol

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2
Q

Symptoms of Autonomic Hyperreflexia

A
  • bradycardia
  • excessive sweating
  • high BP
  • muscle spasms
  • Skin color changes.
  • Headache/Nausea
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3
Q

This type of hepatitis is transmitted using shared needles, typically blood to blood contact?

A

Type C

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4
Q

Clinical manifestation you migh see with Stage 2 Intracranial HTN

A
  • decrease level of arousal
  • hyperventilation
  • bradycardia
  • small pupils
  • widened pulse pressure
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4
Q

This part of the brain controls eye movement

A

superior collicules

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5
Q

elevation of hepatic venous pressure

A

portal hypertension

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6
Q

this type of seizure a person may have hallucination, see flashing lights, or smell a foul odor?

A

Simple-Partial/sensory

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7
Q

What is a bening tumor of the nerve sheath called?

A

neurofibroma

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7
Q

Epilepsy characteristics

A
  • recurrent
  • loss of afferent stimulation
  • abnormal electrical discharge of neurons in the brain
  • paroxysmal/convulsion
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8
Q

What does the medulla control

A

breathing, blood pressure, heart rate, autonomic functions

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8
Q

This type of seizure a person might have purposeless behavior and will have NO memory of it?

A

Complex Partial

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9
Q

This is bleeding between the dura mater and the skull

A

Extradural hematoma

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9
Q

This type of brain tumor is located extracerebral but intracranial

A

Meningioma

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10
Q

Why does noncommunicating hydrocephalus occur

A

an obstruction within the ventricular system. seen more in children

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11
Q

What percent of adult brain tumors are primary gliomas?

A

50-60%

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11
Q

Classic presentation of a epidural hematoma

A

a person hit in the temporal area with damage to the middle meningeal artery. Loses consciousness.

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12
Q

Where do metastic brain tumors commonly originate? x6

A
  1. lung
  2. breast
  3. skin
  4. kidney
  5. colorectal
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12
Q

where are contusions commonly found?

A

the frontal lobes

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12
Q

This type of hepatitis can be transmitted through breastmilk?

A

Hepatitis C

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14
Q

Intussuscpetion S/Sx

A
  • telescoping causes strangulation of the blood supply
  • colicky pain
  • vomiting/nausea
  • sweating
  • irritability
  • common in infants 10-15 mnths
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15
Q

This type of stroke acts as a warning sign that a real stroke may happen

A

Transient Ischemic Attack

lasta 12 to 24 hours

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16
Q

Malabsorption in the GI is associated with which 2 disease?

A

Cystic Fibrosis, Crohn’s Disease

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17
Q

What are causes of autonomic hyperreflexia? x5

A
  • spinal cord injury
  • distended bladder/rectum
  • guillain barre syndrome
  • subarachnoid hemorrhage
  • Head trauma
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18
Q

A patient expereinced demyelination of the peripheral nerved with sparing of the axons. This is characteristic of:

A

Guillain Barre

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19
Q

What is the cause of esophageal varices

A

abnormal blood flow to the liver is obstructed by scar tissue in the liver or a clot.

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19
Q

a hernial protrusion of a saclike cyst containing meninges, spinal fluid and a partion of the spinal cord throug a deficit in the spinal column. This is a condition called?

A

myelomenigocele (spina bifida)

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20
Q

What is hematemesis

A

vomiting of blood from bleeding esophageal varices- (portal htn)

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22
Q

What is happening in Stage 3 Intracranial HTN

A
  • Approaches arterial pressure
  • hypoxia/hypercapnia
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22
Q

Spinal cord tumor that orginiated from tissues outside the spinal cord?

A

Extramedullary Tumor

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23
Q

What is craniosyntostosis

A

premature closure of one or more of cranial sutures during the first 18-20 months of life

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23
Q

What happens to temperature regulation during REM sleep

A

loss of regulation

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24
Q

What are s/sx of reye’s syndrome?

A
  • rash, vomiting, liver damage
  • aspirin consumption by children with viral infection
  • cerebral edema
  • hypoglycemia
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25
Q

What happens to weight gain with a gastric ulcer?

A

loss due to anorexia

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26
Q

What is hepatitis?

A

inflammation of hepatic cells,

causes necrosis/scarring

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28
Q

This is thick sticky mucosa in an infants bowel

A

meconium ileus

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28
Q

What could be signs of a peptic ulcer? x4

A
  • H. pylori in the duodenum
  • old age
  • alcohol abuse/cirrhosis
  • rheumatoid arthritis
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29
Q

Where is a rare location to find a spinal cord tumor

A

CNS

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30
Q

This is a type of seizure where a child falls due to loss of postural tone?

A

akinetic seizure

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32
Q

What is cerebral edema?

A

accumulation of fluid in the extracellular spaces of the brain tissue

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33
Q

What is the most readily displaced content with an increase in intracranial pressure

A

CSF, which shifts OUT

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33
Q

Periumbilical pain, fever, and loss of appetitie are symptoms of:

A

appendicitis

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35
Q

Define a concussion

A

temporary unconsciousness caused by a blow to the head. The term is also used loosely of the aftereffects such as confusion or temporary incapacity.

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36
Q

What happens to cerebral blood flow during NON REM sleep?

A

it decreases

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37
Q

What is the most common cause of baterial meningitis

A

neisseria

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37
Q

Name some other manifestations of ulcerative colitis, outside of the intestines?

A
  • polyarthritis
  • cutaneous lesions
  • liver disorders
39
Q

What does the cerebellum control

A
  • posture
  • balance
  • coordination
40
Q

This is a disorder due to anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies?

A

Myasthenia Gravis

affects muscles in the face lips tongue neck and throat

41
Q

presby- means…

A

old

43
Q

Upper GI bleeding is associated with

A

esophageal varices

44
Q

Common symptoms of Hiatal Hernia

A
  • regurgitation
  • dysphagia
  • substernal discomfort
  • heartburn after eating
45
Q

Parkinsons Disease affects which system?

A

Extrapyramidal system

tremors, bradykinesia, insomnia, basal ganglia

47
Q

What is meconium ileus associated with

A

cystic fibrosis- causes an obstruction and malabsorption

48
Q

What can hypothermia do to the heart?

A

puts stress, leading to ventricular fibrillation

48
Q

What can a fever lead to in small children

A

febrile seizure

49
Q

What happens to cerebral blood flow during REM sleep?

A

it increases

50
Q

This type of seziure caused involuntary muscular jerks of the body and loss of consciousness?

A

Generalized partial/Myoclonic Seizure

52
Q

What is autonomic hyperreflexia

A
  • overreaction of inovluntary nervous system to stimulation
  • occurs after spinal shock resolves
53
Q

You may hear a loud cry from air rushing from the lungs through the vocal cords. the patient will fall to the ground and lose consciousness.

A

Generalized Tonic clonic Seizure lasts 2-5 minutes

ususally epileptic

54
Q

This type of hepatitis is caused by somone who has visitied an endemic area like Africa, India, Asia

A

Hepatitis E

56
Q

This is a result of neuronal proteins becoming distorted and tangled

A

alzheimer’s disease

58
Q

What leads to intracranial pressure x4

A
  1. CSF excess
  2. Hemorrhage
  3. Brain Tumor
  4. Edema
59
Q

Why do children have a hard time regulating their temperature?

A

they do not shiver or sweat

thin skin

minor infections cause spiked fever

60
Q

This type of stroke causes slight neurlogic deficit and worsens in a day or 2

A

progressive stroke (thrombus in evolution)

61
Q

If a bat strikes the front of the head. What is the injury at the site called?

A

coup head injury

62
Q

kinetic response of cerebral palsy

A
  • spasticity
  • ataxia (loss of control of movements)
  • dystonia
63
Q

This type of hepatitis is commonly transmitted from mother to fetus through bodily fluids?

A

Type B

64
Q

What happens to temperature during NON rem sleep

A

decreases

65
Q

This type of hepatitis is common among daycare?

A

A

67
Q

This is blood leaking from injured blood vessels.

A

Contusion

68
Q

What are primary brain tumors called?

A

Gliomas

70
Q

This occurs in adults and is due to defective resoprtion of CSF

A

Communicating Hydrocephalus

71
Q

This part of the brain regulates arousal, level of awareness and activity

A

thalamus

72
Q

what type of encephalopathy is reye’s syndrome?

A

hepatic

73
Q

This is an infectious process that may cause profound damage to cranial nervies?

A

meningitis

75
Q

What are some clinical manifestation of a brain tumor x3

A
  1. seizures
  2. visual distrubances
  3. unstable gait
76
Q

beta cells of the islets secrete

A

insulin

77
Q

What does prolonged shivering do to the liver?

A

exhausts glycogen stores

78
Q

This type of seizure happens in children most and can be associated with bliking or rolling of the eyes?

A

Gen Partial/Absence Seizure

1-10 seconds long

79
Q

What may be causes of hydrocephalus x4

A
  • overproduction of CSF
  • defecation asbroption of CSF
  • Obstruction within the ventricular system
  • excessive fluid in cerebral ventricles
80
Q

What is spinal shock

A
  • transection of the spinal cord that
  • muscular flaccidity and loss of motor reflexes in all parts of the body below the point of transection.
  • disruption of efferent pathways
    *
81
Q

what is the difference between somatic and autonomic

A

somatic is voluntary, autonomic is involuntary

83
Q

What causes hepatocellular damage in cirrhosis

A

acetaldehyde accumulation

84
Q

What might you see in stage 4 intracranial HTN

A
  • Brain tissue herniates
  • Blood supply is compromised
  • ischemia/hypoxia
  • travels from greatest pressure to lower pressure (spreads)
  • cheyne stokes
85
Q

This disease occurs in older individula and they usually have crampy pain in the lefto lower quadrant

A

Diverticulitis

86
Q

This type of hepatitis is transmitted both blood to blood and fecal oral route

A

type D

87
Q

Hallmark signs of cystic fibrois x3

A
  • overproduction of mucous in the respiratory tract
  • pancreatic enzyme deficiency
  • sweat containing elevated sodium concentrations
88
Q

incomplete fusion of the nasomedial or intermaxillary process on an infant in the womb

A

cleft lip

89
Q
A
90
Q

What does alcohol do to the liver

A

transforms to acetaldehyde which active hepatic stellate cells involved in liver fibrosis

91
Q

What does transection of the spinal cord mean?

A

severing of the the spinal cord may lead to permanent loss of function

92
Q

What is the role of the ventricles in the brain?

A
  • protect the brain from trauma
  • a pathway for circulation of CSF fluid
93
Q

What does cerebral death mean x3

A
  • death of the cerebellum, & brain stem
  • norma internal homeostasis
  • respiratory and CV are maintained
94
Q

-listhesis- is a compound word meaning

A

when the vertebrae slips backward- scoliosis

95
Q

What are clinical manifestation of Stag 2 Intracranial HTN

A

confusion, resltess, drowsiness, pupil changes

96
Q

GERD is caused by..

A

loss of muscle tone at the lower esophageal sphincter

96
Q

What pediatric population is GERD highest in?

A

premature infants

97
Q

A patient who experiencing difficulty in recognizing a pattern form and the nature of objects is exhibiting characteristcs of:

A

agnosia

98
Q

Alpha cells of the islets secrete

A

glucagon

100
Q

3 Major causes of stroke?

A

thrombosis, embolism, hemorrhage

101
Q

This is bleeding between the dura mater and the brain

A

Subdural Hematoma

102
Q

This type of stroke causes maximum neurologic deficits at onset

A

complete stroke

103
Q

Characteristics of Pancreatic Insufficency

A
  • tissue destruction
  • high cholesterol
  • petic ulcer
  • trauma
  • edema
  • diabetes
104
Q

This part of the brain links the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland?

A

hypothalamus

106
Q

What type of diarrhea is osmotic?

A

lactose intolerance

107
Q

What happens to peptic ulcer weight gain?

A

gain, eating reduces the pain

108
Q

What does the vagus nerve do?

A
  • slowing of the heart,
  • increasing peristalsis
  • contracting muscles for voice production
  • aiding in the swallowing process
109
Q

Appendicitis

A

inflammation of the vermiform appendix

110
Q

Diverticular disase

A

bulging out pouches in the GI wall push mucosal lining through surrounding muscle

111
Q

Hiatal Hernia

A

defect in the diaphragm that permits a portion of the stomach to pass through the diphragmatic openiiing into the chest cavity

112
Q

Peptic Ulcer

A

circumsribed lesion in the mucosal membrane of the upper GI tract

113
Q

Alzheimers disasea

A

degenerative disorder of the cerbral cortex

114
Q

MS

A

progressive demyelination of the white matter of the brain and spinal cord (CNS) oligodendroglia leading to widespread neurologic dysfunction

115
Q

Meningitis

A

inflammation of the brain and spinal cord meninges

116
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

sporadic progressive weaknesa and abnormal fatigue of the skeletal muscles

117
Q

parkinsons disease

A

produces prgoressive muscle rigidity, loss of muscle movment and involuntary tremors

Nursing School Pt 2 (13 decks)

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