NR 465- Exam 1

Question 1

When does the fundal height decrease?

Answer 1

between 36-40 weeks

Question 2

How long should fetal kick count be measured

Answer 2

for 2 hours, or until the fetus makes 10 distince movements

Question 2

Answer 2

0 is right at the ischial spine.

Question 2

Answer 2

• Transverse Lie shoulder presentation

Question 3

This is a condition in pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, sometimes with fluid retention and proteinuria

Answer 3

preeclampsia

Question 4

is protein in the urine a normal finding during pregnancy?

Answer 4

yes

Question 4

What defines the transition phase of labor?

Answer 4

contractions every 1-2minutes, may have an urge to push down

becomes very anxious during this time

Question 5

Answer 5

Longitudinal Lie Vertex Presentation

Question 5

How do late decelerations appear

Answer 5

like early decelerations but are shifted to the right

Question 6

When is a neonate most alert?

Answer 6

the first hour

breast feeding is important!

Question 6

What is the ointment used in the newborn’s eyes to prevent gonorrhea?

Answer 6

Erythromycin.

Question 7

How long does the latent phase last?

Answer 7

from the beginning of labor until about 3-5cm

• woman is sociable and excited*
• 8 hours*

Question 8

What is the role of corpus luteum

Answer 8

first 6-7 weeks produces progesterone until placenta can take over

Question 8

What does an engaged fetus mean?

Answer 8

the largest diameter of the head entered the pelvic cavity. Zero or lower. Takes place before the onset of labor.

Question 9

When the head passes through the pelvis the bones may overlap, what is this called?

Answer 9

molding

Question 10

How do we measure the descent of the fetus

Answer 10

in relation to the ischial spine. +1 is crowning of the head

Question 11

Why are presumptive signs not considered diagnostic?

Answer 11

because they are changes that could happen outside of pregnancy

Question 11

Examples of Probable Signs

Answer 11

• Chadwicks Sign
• Goodell’s Sign
• positive pregnancy test
• skin hyperpigmentation
• striae

Question 11

Duration is how long

Answer 11

1 contraction lasts

Question 12

How many arteries/veins does a fetus have

Answer 12

• 2 arteries (deox to placenta)
• 1 vein (oxgenated away)

Question 14

What position allows greater perfusion to the fetus?

Answer 14

Wedged to the left

Question 15

How long does the fourth stage of labor last?

Answer 15

2 hours to 6 weeks

Question 16

What defines the 3rd stage of labor?

Answer 16

Devliery of the plancenta

can last up to 30 min

Question 17

What does restitution mean?

Answer 17

after the head is born, it turns to the same side it was in utero to realign with the shoulders and back.

Question 18

What hormone does estrogen/progesterone block during pregnancy?

Answer 18

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (lutenizing) from anterior Pituitary

Question 19

Why doesn't blood pressure increase during pregnancy?

Answer 19

due to decreased resistance in the vessels

Question 20

What is a term used for false labor contractions?

Answer 20

braxton hicks

Question 20

What could be the cause of variable deceleration?

Answer 20

cord compression, ask to reposition

Question 21

On a newborn, what shape should the posterior fontanel be upon palpation?

Answer 21

triangular where the occipital and parietal bones meet. Between 0.5 and 1 cm. It closes by 2 to 4 months of age.

Question 22

frequency is the time from the **beginning of one contraction**...

Answer 22

to the beginning of the next

Question 23

On a newborn, what shape should the anterior fontanel be upon palpation?

Answer 23

a diamond, between frontal and parietal bones. Should be soft and flat

Question 25

What are women at risk for during third trimester?

Answer 25

Anemia -should take iron supplements

Question 26

What is nagels rule?

Answer 26

*First day* of LMP, minuse 3 months, plus 7 days

Question 28

What is the main difference between a presumptive sign and a probable sign?

Answer 28

that involve physoligcal and anatomical changes (still subjective)

Question 29

Pre-term is the number of pregnance delievered between...?

Answer 29

20 and 37 weeks

Question 29

What tool can measure contractions graphically?

Answer 29

cardio**toco**graphy

Question 31

What can be used to determine a normal developing fetus versus an ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 31

Serial Quantitative hCG, Progesterone levels, Ultrasounds ## Footnote *slower rises in hCG usually occur*

Question 32

Why do hematocrit and hemoglobin levels drop during 1st and 2nd trimester?

Answer 32

because of blood volume expansion

Question 33

What do strong contractions feel like upon palpation?

Answer 33

a forhead

Question 34

What does the LH trigger?

Answer 34

ovulation and development of corpus luteum

Question 35

What do moderate contractions feel like upon palpation?

Answer 35

a chin

Question 36

What does FSH hormone do?

Answer 36

regulates the development, growth, pubertal maturation and reproductive processes of the body

Question 37

What causes hemodilution during pregnancy?

Answer 37

increase in plasma larger than the increase in RBC's

Question 39

Normal Weight of a newborn?

Answer 39

2500- 4000 grams ## Footnote *5-8 lbs*

Question 40

Answer 40

Toco transducer

Question 41

What could be the cause of early deceleration?

Answer 41

fetal head compression, causing the vagus nerve to slow the heart rate. ## Footnote *no intervention needed*

Question 43

What makes a positive sign of pregnancy

Answer 43

objective findings, through listen, seeing, feeling

Question 44

What defines an acceleration before 32 weeks gestation?

Answer 44

an increase in 10 bpm that lasts at least 10 seconds

Question 44

What is another word for Valsavla maneuver

Answer 44

Closed Glottis pushing during 2nd stage of labor

Question 46

What is Caput Succedaneum?

Answer 46

feels spongy, crosses suture lines will go away on its own

Question 47

Question 48

When should prenatal visits begin?

Answer 48

as soon as woman supsects pregnancy

Question 49

What does APGAR stand for?

Answer 49

* Appearance * Pulse * Grim (cry) * Activity * Respiratory

Question 50

Answer 50

Primary Powers

Question 52

What is considered a "term" pregnancy?

Answer 52

37 weeks or later

Question 54

What defines the 2nd stage of labor?

Answer 54

complete (10cm) dilation and full effacement of the cervix. It ends with the birth of the baby. ## Footnote *lasts avg 50 min, woman is agitated and irritable*

Question 55

What hormone causes the vessels to be dilated during 2nd trimester?

Answer 55

progesterone ## Footnote *BP will decrease*

Question 56

What is the size of dilation during the active phase?

Answer 56

*between 4cm and 6cm*

Question 58

What happens to vascular resistance during pregnancy?

Answer 58

it decreases

Question 59

What do mild contractions feel like upon palpation?

Answer 59

the tip of a nose

Question 60

What are the 7 cardinal movement of labor

Answer 60

1. Descent 2. Engagement 3. Flexion 4. Internal Rotation 5. Extension 6. Restitution 7. External Rotation 8. Expulsion

Question 61

What are the 3 components of the first stage of labor?

Answer 61

1. Latent 2. Active 3. Transient

Question 63

What are the 2 most important components of a biophysical profile

Answer 63

1. *Non-stress test* 1. nervous system 2. *Amniotic Fluid Volume Index* 1. kidney perfusion 2. normal means shunting has NOT occurred

Question 64

What could be the cause of late deceleration?

Answer 64

* depressed cardiac function * poor oxygenation * maternal hypotension * excessive uterine stimulation.

Question 65

What is the peak of the contraction called?

Answer 65

acme

Question 66

3 parts of the fetus skull that are not fused together?

Answer 66

1. Frontal 2. Parietal 3. Occiptal

Question 67

What does 100% effacement mean?

Answer 67

Cervix is no longer palpable, powerful contractions

Question 68

What does progesterone do to myometrial activity?

Answer 68

decreases it to maintain during pregnancy (dec uterine contractions)

Question 69

What are complications of a closed glottis

Answer 69

reduces blood return to the heart and maternal oxygen sat and decreases placental blood flow. ## Footnote *(prolonged breath holding)*

Question 70

It is officially considered a para if...

Answer 70

the child has reached 20 weeks

Question 71

What is relaxin secreted from?

Answer 71

corpus luteum and placenta

Question 72

Answer 72

open glottis promotes perineal stretching.

Question 73

It is considered an abortion if...

Answer 73

termination before viability (20weeks)

Question 74

Pre term

Answer 74

20-36.6 weeks

Question 75

What does amniotic fluid tell you?

Answer 75

good organ development, placental function

Question 76

What is an acceleration tell you

Answer 76

intact CNS reactive good sign

Question 77

Biophysical Profile

Answer 77

* Accelerations- FHR (non stress test) * Tone, (flexed) * Movement * Lung Expansion * Amniotic FLuid index

Question 78

Why do you give IV fluids when administering epidural?

Answer 78

to keep BP stabilized