Maternal/Newborna Exam 3 Flashcards
1
Q
What is Methotrexate used for
A
- carcinomas
- it interferes with folic acid metabolism
- Inhibits DNA synthesis.
used for ectopic pregnancy
2
Q
Hyperemesis Gravidarum is a different type of morning sickness
A
sick during pregnancy, could cause electrolyte imbalance
3
Q
What causes hyperemesis Gravidarum
A
Vitamin B6 deficiency (give 3x a day) NOT hCG levels
4
Q
Phenergan
A
- increases narcotics
- slows down metabolism of the narcotic
- anti-emetic, good for if woman is dizzy
5
Q
Reglan
A
Antiemetic during chemotherpy
6
Q
Zofran
A
anti-emetic for chemotherapy
7
Q
Preeclampsia
A
hypertension after 20 weeks gestation w/ proteinuria (>1+) (140/90+)
8
Q
Eclampsia
A
when preeclampsi turns into a seizure
9
Q
chronic htn
A
before 20 weeks, trace proteinura. Persists > 42 days following childrbirth
10
Q
What is too much protein
A
1+ or 2+ is greater than “trace”
11
Q
What type of vessels do preeclampsia women have
A
flaccid
12
Q
Preeclampsia do they have vasoconstriction or vasodilated
A
vasoconstricted, calcified. (dec leveled of vasdilating prostglandins)
13
Q
What hormone do preeclampsia have a decreased resistance to?
A
angiotensin II (make cells more flaccid)
14
Q
When assessing woman for preeclampsia what location is the liver
A
RUQ
15
Q
Signs/Sx of Preeclampsia
A
- Headache/Blurred Vision
- Facial Edema
- pulmonary edema, no crackles
- BP- increased
- Liver distended/painful
- AST/ALT elevated
- lacking albumin, 3rd spacing
- reflexes, hyperreflexia
- clonus,
- oliguria
16
Q
normal response during pregnancy H/H
A
decreased due to increased plasma
17
Q
preeclampsia will have what type of h/h
A
falsely high
18
Q
Mild Preeclampsia
A
Hypertension and proteinuria
19
Q
Severe preeclampsia
A
>160 mm organ failure
20
Q
Treatment for preeclamps
A
- Magnesium sulfate, NOT anti-hypertensive
21
Q
Magenesium Sulfate
A
- acts like a calcium channel blocker, but not antihypertensive
- prevents seizure
- check q 15min
22
Q
Why do we give corticosteroids for preeclampsia
A
for baby
23
Q
Hydralazine
A
used to lower blood pressure
24
Q
HELLP syndrome
A
- hemolysis
- elevated liver enzymes
- low platelet count (thrombocytopenia)
25
What is thrombocytpenia
\< 150,000
26
Clinical Manifestation of HELLP
* RUQ pain
* jaundice
* liver rupture
27
Only cure for preeclampsia
delivery of the placenta
28
How should a preeclamptic woman deliver?
vaginally, scary bc of water intoxification
29
Rhogam within how many hours after delivery
72 hours
30
What does coombs test for?
antibodies
31
Pathological Jaundice
* ABO incompatibility
* O blood type, type A or B fetus
* can't give rhogam
* hyperbilirubemia, anemia
32
When do we test GBS
36 weeks
33
What should we give for GPS positive
penicillin G q4 hours. birthing process puts baby at risk.
34
Magnesium sulfate classification
CNS depressant
35
What is the dose for magnesium sulfate
4-6 grams, A LOT.
36
What is the antidote for magensium sulfate
calcium gluconate
37
Side Effects of Magnesium Sulfate (Maternal)
* depressed respiration
* depressed DTRs
* hypotension
* extreme muscle weakness
* flushing
* decreased u. output
* pulmonary edema
* \> 9 mg/dl serum mag
38
DTR clonus for magnesium sulfate
hyporreflexia
39
What is the major vital sign we need for magnesium sulfate?
pulse oximeter
40
41
How is magnesium sulfate excreted?
through the urine
42
What type of drug is Mag Sulfate
* CNS depressant
* tocolytic
* neuro protection for mom/fetus
* treat/prevent eclampsia
43
Who would be an indication for induction?
someon at 39 weeks and not progressing
44
What should you do in the even of fetal distress?
prep client for emergency c-section
45
Risks for preterm labor
* infection
* gestational diabetes
* uterine fibroids
* medications
46
What is a premature rupture of membranes\>
ruptured earlier than the end of 37th week. Greater risk if before 34th week.
47
Cold stress causes oxygen consumption and energy to be diverted from maintaining normal brain cell function and cardiac functinon, what is the result?
* metabolic and physiologic
48
Characteristics of placenta previa
* painless
* brigh red vaginal bleeding
* uterus is soft/relaxed/nontender
49
What is the fibronectin test?
positive means onset of labor in 1 to 3 weeks
50
What is a normal contraction frequency?
no more frequen than 1-1/2 min
51
What is the first line of defense for an obstetric emergency
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
52
What part do you suction first mouth or nose?
mouth
53
Circumcision Care
* Vitamin K prior
* feeding witheld 2-4 hrs
* bulb syringe ready
* Petroleum jelly over the site to prevent diaper from sticking
* diaper attached loosely
54
What actions should you take if the membranes have ruptured
* assess the FHR b/c of risk of collapsed umbiical cord
* asses the color of the amniotic fluid b/c meconium stained fluid can indicate fetal stress.
55
Describe Colostrum
* high in protein, low in carbs/fat
* rich in IgA- protects GI
* helps normal flora
* speeds passage of meconium (laxative effect)
56
What can happen with oligohydramnios
* ruptured membranes
* placental insufficiency
* SGA
* limited oxygen
57
What is a precipitous labor/birth
labor and delivery after an unusually short amount of time
58
What is the fern test
determines the presence of amniotic fluid leakage. Produces a fernlike pattern b/c of salts
59
What can substance abuse do to the fetus
risk for fetal growth restriction, abruptio placentae, and fetal bradycardia
60
Nursing interventions for tachysystole?
* reduce oxytocin
* increase infusion
* lateral position
* give oxygen
* notify physican
61
What could be indications for bradycardia?
* fetal head compression
* umbilical cord compression
62
What candidate would not be good for a VBAC
if she had a vertical incision
63
Why does a newbor recieve erythromycin?
Opthalmia Neotorium
64
Proper communication for a woman experiencing grief and loss
be specific with care, don't ask why, or "is everything okay"
65
Post date concerns \> 42 weeks
* LGA
* oligohydramnios- umbilical cord compression
* green meconium staining
* less reserve to tolerate contractions
* Respiratory distress
* exhaust stores of glycogen
* Injury
* hemorrhage
66
How long is too long for a newborn to have apnea?
10-15 seconds
67
What is a normal contraction duration
no longer than 90-120 sec
68
Name 4 reasosn why a newborn receives vitamin K
1. hemorrhagic disease
2. stroke
3. clotting
4. gut is still sterile
69
What is an example of a conductive heat loss?
cold hands, stethoscope, wipes, cool surface
70
Causes for cord prolapse
* premature rupture of membranes
* high station
* blugin bag of water
* unengageed presenting part
71
Most important assessment when baby is born?
breath
cardiopulmonary changes need to occur
72
Whats a good measure of fetal heart rate in relation to mother?
its about twice the mothers
73
5 type of obstetric emergencies?
* hypovolemia
* PPH
* Amniotic fluid embolism
* prolase cord
* shoulder dystocia
74
What side of the heart can an amniotic embolism effect?
left side
75
Risks for preterm infants
* inadequate brown fat stores
* 80 % risk for jaundice
* immature conjucation abilities
* diminished reflexes (sucking)
* flaccid or rigid extremities
76
What does labor dystocia mean?
abnormally low progress of labor, inadequate pelvis shape, multifetal, PROM, bladder distention.
## Footnote
*could be caused by infection*
77
What should you do if you see a positive nitrizine/ferning test?
check temp an FHR (amniotic fluid is present)
78
What is a nitrazine test?
used to detect the presence of amniotic fluid in the vaginal secretions
Amniotic fluid has a pH of 7.0 - 7.5
79
When should pitocin be discontinued?
* frequency is less than 2 minutes
* duration longer than 90 sec
* fetal distress
80
What can cause uterine rupture
* pitocine due to intense contractions
* precipitate labor
* if bleeding is excessive and uterus is still firm
* **tachysystole**
* VBAC
* chest pain in shoulder
81
Correlations to precipitous birth
* **abruptio placentae,** fetal meconium, pph, low apgar score, **cocaine**, nerve damage, ROM, risk for sepsis, chorioamnionitis
82
What could be indications for tachycardia
* maternal severe anemia
* maternal hyperthydroidism
* drugs (bronchodilators, decongestants)
83
What drugs are used for preterm labor
tocolytics, corticosteroids.
84
What is an example of evaporative heat loss?
if the baby is wet or not well wrapped
85
When is betamethasone contraindicated?
* chorioamnionitis
* diabetes
* pulmonary edema
* sodium and fluid retention
86
What can happen if fetal fibronectin appears too early
labor may begin early (fFN test)
## Footnote
*could be caused by infection*
87
Why is Betamethazone used in pre term labor?
acceleration of fetal lung maturity, can reduce intraventricular hemorrhage
88
When are vaginal exams contraindicated?
if the client is supsected of having a placenta previa
89
What can increase risk for RDS?
* fetal hyperinsulinemia retards cortisol production
* RBC breakdown
* Fewer albumin binding sites
90
What do you need to asses after an amniotomy
temperature every 2 hours
91
Criteria for an amniotomy
* presenting part should be cephalic
* reassuring fetal heart rate
* commitment to delivery
92
What is the intervention of a baby is having respiratory distress syndrome?
prep surfactant replacement therapy (endotracheal tube)
93
When should you hold trebutiline?
if woman is tachycardic
94
What are risk associated with amniotomy
* prolapsed cord
* infection
* apruptio placentae
95
manifestations of shoulder dystocia
* turtle head
* failure to complete external rotation
* cord gets compressed
* clavical crepitus, deformity or bruising
* nerve injury to brachial plexus
96
Characteristics of abruptio placentae
* dark red blood
* uterine pain/tenderness
* uterine rigidity
97
How much amniotic fluid does the mother have by the end of pregnancy?
800-1200 mL
98
Describe Lactogenesis III
* mature milk.
* 20 kcal/oz
* antibacterial components
99
Babies at risk for hyperbilirubemia?
* LGA/SGA
* RBC's not getting excreted
* ABO incombatibility
* bruising/hematoma
100
What could be causes of premature rupture of membranes
* infections
* neisseria gonorrhea
* chorioamnioitis associated with GBS
* maternal stress
* recent vaginal intercourse
101
Name 5 symptoms of respiratory distress
1. tachypea
2. nasal flaring
3. grunting
4. retractins
5. decreased breath sounds
102
What is acreda/percreda
placenta attaches to an organ, risk for PPH
103
Complications with oxytocin administration
* abpruptio placentaie
* impaired uterine blood flow
* uterine rupture
* FHR variability
* late decelerations.
104
What is shoulder dystocia
shoulder becomes lodged under the mother's symphysis pubis during birth
105
Medication used to induce labor
* pitocin
* prostaglandins
* caution if woman has asthma, glaucoma
* seaweed (laminaria tents)
* transcervical catheter
106
Manifestation of abruptio placentae?
* ab/low back pain
* high uterine resting tone
* vaginal bleeding
* non reassuring FHR
* concealed hemorrhage
107
What are the nursing interventions for shoulder dystocia?
* McRobert's maneuver
* Suprapubic pressure, kneed
* NO fundal pressure
* episiotomy
108
Causes of bleeding postpartum
* retained placenta
* lacerations
* hemorrhage
109
What are your nursing interventions for a precitous labor x4
* tocolytics
* oxgenation
* sidelying to enhance placenta blood flow
* non additive iv fluids
110
Causes of bleeding intrapartum
* uterine rupture
* placenta previa
* abruptio
111
Management of premature rupture of membrane
* labor induction
* cesarean brth
* accurate gestational age evaluation
* fetal lung maturity
112
What are Kubler Ross's 5 stages of Grief?
1. Denial
2. Anger
3. Bargaining
4. Depression
5. Acceptance
113
Induction Risks
* Tachysystole
* water intoxication
* pulmonary edema
* CHF
* Variable/Late decelerations
114
Interventions for RDS?
* ABG's
* schedule eye exam for retinal damage
* suction every 2 hrs
* position on side or back
* provide nutrition
115
What is an example of radiative heat loss?
if they ar near cold objects and outside walls
116
Interventions for variable decelerations?
* change position of the mother
* administer oxygen
* discontinue pitocin
* assess vital signs
* notify HCP
* Assist amnioinfusion (warm saline
117
Particles that CAN pass through the placenta?
nutrients, drugs, alcohol, anitbodies, and viruses
118
What is the critical fetal assessment prior to any procedure?
FHR
119
Causes of bleeding antepartum
* previa
* abruption
* uterine rupture
* miscarriage
120
What is the antidoe for induction?
Trebutiline (tocolytic).
121
What does marked variability mean?
fetal heart rate fluctuations are greater than 25 beats/minute
122
What should interventions for late decelerations include?
improving placental blood flow and fetal oxygenation
123
What is example of convection heat loss?
near a window or draft
124
What is placenta previa
* placenta moves and may be covering the cervix
* may mean you will need to a C-section or induction of labor
* umbilical cord can prolapse
125
What is the nursing intervention for cord prolapse
* hips higher than head to shift fetus
* tendelendburg
* tocolytics
* vaginal elevation
126
Is jaundice the first day of life pathologic?
yes
127
What is a uterine rupture
a tear in the uterine wall because the uterus cannot withstand the pressure against it
128
What does abruptio placentae mean?
* Placenta separation before the fetus is born
* can occur with hematoma
* hypovolemic shock, clotting abnormalities
* greater risk if greater amount of amniotic fluid
129
If fetal bradycardia or tachycardia occur, what is your action?
* change the position of mother
* administer oxygen
* assess the mother's vital signs
* notify the healtcare provider
130
Nursing interventions for post date
* induction of labor
* accurate gestational age assessment
* biophysical profile
131
* Transverse Lie shoulder presentation
132
A positive Triple/Quad Screen is what?
* Estriole *low*
* hCG is *high*
## Footnote
*further testing necessary*
133
Women are hypercoagulable during pregnancy, why?
protective for inevitable blood loss
134
What does Estrogen do? x6
1. stimulates contractions
2. increased elasticity of ligaments
3. melanin
4. decrease GI motility
5. Alter's F & E's
6. Breast Development
135
HEAD to TOE assesssment postpartum
* **B**reasts
* **U**terus
* **B**owel
* **B**ladder
* **L**ochia (pad an hr too much)
* **E**pisiotomy (laceration)
* **H**omans/hemorrhoids/hematoma
* **E**motions
136
What happens to peripheral vascular resistance during pregnancy?
It decreases
137
What are danger signs of preeclampsia? x4
* severe headache
* abdominal pain
* visual disturbance
* swelling
138
Interventions for Late Decelerations x6
1. IV bolus of LR
2. Discontinue oxytocin
3. tocolytic drug
4. oxygen 10L/min
5. reposition
6. Amnioinfusion
139
This is failure to decend due to placenta retention
sub involution
140
Should not be used if patient has asthma
hemobate
141
Etiology for early decelerations
fetal head compression
142
5 P's of Labor
1. *Passage*- type of pelvis
2. *Passenger-* size of fetus, presentation
3. *Powers*- contraction/relax uterus, voluntary efforts
4. *Psyche*- maternal emotional status
5. *partners-*relationship of passenger/passage
143
Why is there a UTI risk during pregnancy?
dilation of renal pevlis and ureters due to progesterone
144
What causes pseudo anemia
more plasma than rbc's, but both increase
145
What is a full term pregnancy?
37-42 weeks
146
This is a block of sympathetic fibers, contraindicated for a women with hypovolemia?
spinal block
147
Meds used for bleeding
* oxytocin
* cytocec
* hemobate
* methergen
148
Meds used to induce labor x5
* prostaglandins (rippening)
* stripping cervix
* rupturing membranes
* catheter w/ balloon
* pitocin (oxytocin)
149
Longitudinal Lie Vertex Presentation
150
What does progesterone do?
* gallbladder prolonged emptying
* prevents bile salts from being released
* **softening of joints and ligaments**
151
Assessment for Episiotomy
* **R**edness
* **E**dema
* **E**cchymosis (bruising)
* **D**ischarge
* **A**pproximation
152
Disadvantages of epidural block
hypotension
153
Why does blood volume increase during pregnancy?
to reserve blood loss at birth
154
What does a non stress test show?
* 2 fetal heart accelerations within 20 minutes
* Intact CNS
155
Etiology for variable deceleration
cord compression
156
Where is false labor felt
in the abdomen or groin
157
Types of Lochia
Rubra, Serosa, Alba
158
What position allows greater perfusion to the fetus?
Wedged to the left
159
What does hCG do?
maintains corpus luteum until placenta is functioning (21weeks)
160
Para measures...
how many were living **greater** than 20 weeks
161
Pre term
20-36.6 weeks
162
Biophysical Profile Assess 5 Parameters
1. NST
2. Fetal breathing
3. fetal movements
4. fetal tone
5. amniotic fluid volume
163
What does relaxin do? x5
* opening/softening of the cervix
* prevents premature contractions
* regulates CV and Renal system
* relax vessels
* excreted by **placenta**
164
Why do you give IV fluids when administering epidural?
to keep BP stabilized
165
What are the 7 cardinal movement of labor
1. Descent
2. Engagement
3. Flexion
4. Internal Rotation
5. Extension
6. Restitution
7. External Rotation
8. Expulsion
166
Signs of malpresentation?
* you can feel bony prominence of the head pushing on sacral nerves
* back pain
167
What are abnormal concentrations of Alphafetoproein associated with
fetal anomalies
168
Advantages of using epidural block?
blocks pain and patient is fully awake
169
Why do hematocrit and hemoglobin levels drop during 1st and 2nd trimester?
because of blood volume expansion
170
How do you wake a baby up if sleeping?
Vibroacoustic Monitor
171
What does amniotic fluid tell you?
good organ development, placental function
172
What happens to heart rate during pregnancy
it increase 15-20 bpm
173
How many arteries/veins does a fetus have
* 2 arteries (deox to placenta)
* 1 vein (oxgenated away)
174
Should not be used if patient has preeclampsia
methergine
175
Causes for late decelerations x4
* **uteroplacental insufficiency**
* impaired xchange of waste products
* hypo/hypertension
* excessive uterine stimuli
176
What is the name of the pelvis type that is most favorable for successful labor and birth
gynecoid
177
Maternal insulin needs during the first trimester?
decrease
178
Maternal insulin needs during the 2nd and 3rd trimester?
increases, placental hormones cause insuline-resistant state
179
This is a condition in which the clotting cascade is activated, resulting in the formation of clots in the microcirculation
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
180
What does the rapid and extensive formation of clots that occur in DIC do to platelets
depletes platelets and clotting factors.
## Footnote
*results in bleeding and vascular occlusion of organs from thromboembolus formation*
181
What should all clients be assessed for during during the postpartum period
depression
182
What is a normal temp during the first 24 hours postpartum
100.4 F due to dehydration, greater indicates infection
183
A patient is taking magnesium sulfate and has respirations of 10, what should you do?
call the HCP
184
How should you administer magnesium sulfate
IV infusion via an infusion monitoring device
185
1. Uti Treatment
2. Super infection
3. Gram Negative Drugs
4. Gram Positive Drugs
1. Bactrim, Amoxicillin, Fluroquinolones, Macrodantoin, Pyridium
2. Broad Spectrum, infection on top of earlier infection, THRUSH, Vag YEAST
3. Aminoglycoside
4. Antitubercular, penicillin
186
1. Bacteriostatic
2. Bacteriocidal
3. Drugs that contain -static and -cidal
4. ototoxcity drugs
1. inhibits growth, lower dose
2. kills, higher dose
3. penicillin, macrolides, lincosamides
4. amphoteracin, vaomycin, gentamycin
187
1. **-vir**
2. **-mine**
3. **-zine**
4. **-mycin**
5. exception to **mycin**
1. antivirals
2. 1st generation antihistamine
3. 2nd generation antihistamine
4. lincosamide
5. aminoglycoside, know *gentamycin*
188
1. Liver Toxicity
2. Renal Toxicity
3. Creatnine BUN
1. Ketoconazole, RTI, Protease, INH, Tetracycline, Macrodantin **(LIVER)**
2. Amphoteracin HIGH, Gentamycin, Acyclovir, Tetra, Vanomycin**(NEPHR)**
3. Peptides, acycloir, gentamycin **BUN**
189
1. GI upset
2. Peripharl Neruopathy
3. This is not an antibiotic
4. Narrow Spectrum drug
1. Ampicillin, Fluroquinolones, MAcrodantoin, Erythromycin
2. INH
3. Pyridium
4. Aminoglycoside
190
1. Take with food
2. Empty stomache
3. Food or no food
1. erythromycin, flagyl, macrodantoin
2. penicillin, INH, Tetra
3. ampicillin- watch CITRUS
191
1. First generation antihistamine
2. 2nd generation antihistamine
3. SE of Oral antihistamine
4. Most effective antiasthma drug
1. Sedating
2. Non-sedating
3. anticholinergic- dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention
4. glucocorticoids
192
1. Long term, prophylaxis Asthma prevention
2. Side effects of glucocorticoid inhaler
3. Why do you rinse your mouth with glucocorticoid inhaler?
4. Used with glucocorticoid inhaler?
5. Cromolyn
1. Glucocorticoid inhaler, Long Acting inhaled Beta 2 agonist, Comolyn
2. throat, dry mouth, cough
3. oral fungal infections
4. Long acting Beta 2 Agonist
5. Mast cell wall stabilixer, prevents mediators
193
1. **Acute Asthma treatment**
2. SE of oral glucocorticoids
3. How can you take Selective Beta 2 Receptor?
4. Categories for Beta 2 Agonist/Bronchodilator Agents
1. Oral glucocorticoids, Selective Beta 2 Receptor, Short Acting inhaled Beta 2
2. peptic ulcer, T.E., must taper
3. nebulizer, inhaler, systemic effects w/ oral
4. methyxanthines, anticholinergics
194
1. What part does asthma effect?
2. Types of antiinfammatory agents
3. What does cromolyn do?
4. What is a leukotriene
5. Singulair
1. Lower respiratory tract
2. Glucocorticoids, cromolyn, leukotriene modifiers, IgE antagonist
3. Stabilize Mast Cell Wall
4. chemical mediator for inflammatory response
5. Leukotriene antagonist, bronchodilation
195
1. Asthma.Methylxanthin derivative agents
2. Methylxanthin agents cause...
3. Theophylline
4. Theophylline action
5. How do you give it?
1. Aminophylline, Theophyline, Caffeine
2. bronchodilation, CNS excitation, Vasodilation, Cardiac stimulus, diuresis
3. Too many SE, narrow window,
4. relaxes smooth muscle of bronchi
5. IV or oral
196
1. Aminophyline
2. Anticholinergic for Asthma (COPD off Label)
3. Action
4. SE of Ephedrine
5. SE of Pseudoephedrine
1. Salt Theophylline, give slow--\>hypotension/death. incompatible
2. Atrovent(inhaled), Tiotropium
3. Bronchodilator, block pns
4. HTN, Dysrrythmias, MI, Stroke, Seizure, hyperglycemia, OFF MARKET
5. Cardiovasscular collapse, HTN, Seizure
197
1. Antitussive, Upper Respiratory Tract, cough
2. Dextromethorphan
3. Diphenydramine
4. Non drowsy, antihistamine for hay fever
1. Relief of non productive cough, medulla, drowsiness
2. Non-narcotic, OTC, cold remedy
3. also a antihistamine, help to sleep, allergy, cold, cough
4. Fexofenadine/Allegra
198
Allergic Rhinitis, MAST CELL
1. Histamines
2. Leukotrines
3. Prostaglandins
1. vasodilate, itching, mucus, inc cap perm, bronchoconstrict
2. asthma, bronchoconstrict, mucus, airway, edema
3. vasodilate, fever, PAIN, inc cap permeability
199
1. Glucocorticoids and allergies
2. First line thearpy for allergic rhinitis
3. What else cane you use to treat allergy?
4. Antihistamine prophylaxxis allergy treatment
1. dec inflam, inhibit prostaglandin relese, INTRANASAL MOST effective
2. intransal glucs, oran/intranasal antihis
3. sympathomimetics
4. Histamine 1, common, sneeze, rhinorrhea, itchy nose. DOESN NOT REDUCE NASAL CONGEST
200
1. Decongestants stimulate which recptor?
2. Action
3. Phenylphine, Oxymetazoline, Sudafed Usage, Sympathomimetics
4. Respiratory and Obstructive Complications
1. Alpha 1 Receptor
2. HTN, vasoconstriction capillaries in the nuse
3. use for 5 days only, rebound congestions
4. beta 2 adrenergic agonist
201
1. How C/S test can decrease resistance
2. misues of antibiotics what percent?
3. Vanomycin
4. Side effects of Vanomycin
5. Prevention for antibiotic use
1. Actual microbe specific to antibiotic
2. 50% use in hospital that don't need them
3. Effective against MRSA (avoid use), GLYCOPEPTIDE
4. redman syndrome, slow iv or pump
5. vaccines, limit catheters, c/s before, handwashing
202
1. Gen Broad spectrum antibiotics
2. Penicillin
3. Most common type of penicillin
4. Allergy alternative to Penicillin
5. Macrolide
1. Thromycin
2. Beta lactam, interfere with cell wall, LYSE
3. Amoxicillin, low resp infection, skin infection,
4. Erythromyciin, Macoline
5. supress protein synthesis, bacteriostatic
203
1. Antibacterial Categories
2. How do you treat allergic reactions?
3. Gram+
4. Gram -
5. Mycostatin
1. Penicillins, cephlosporins, macrolides, lincosamides, sulfonamides, glycopeptides, aminoglycoside, tetra, fluroquinolones, antTB, antifungal
2. antihistamins, bronchoDILATORS, ephinephrine
3. thick wall, purple (cocci)
4. thin wall, violet, neisseria
5. antifungal, candidiasis, leakage membrane
204
1. Lincosamides,
2. Resemblence to Penicillin
3. Penicillin resistance
4. Penicillin patient education
5. Cephalosporin
1. inhibit protein synthesis, SE colitis, rash, antiacne
2. cephalosporin
3. Staph, MRSA, Methicillin (NOMARKET)
4. reduce contraceptive, take entirety, stomatitis, vaginits, c/s before
5. most common, less side effects, broad spectrum
205
1. Tetracycline uses
2. Adverse effects
3. Why vitamin b6 and inh
4. Flagyl action
5. Alcoholic effects of flagyl
1. Chlamydia, anthrax, cholera, lyme, ulcer, acne, pneumonia, rm spotted fever
2. photo, discolr teeth, NO
3. decrease peripheral neuropathy
4. Impairs DNA function of bacteria, antibiotica, antiprotozoal
5. causes disulifiram, for alcoholics
206
1. Flagyl Use
2. Colorectal surgery
3. Adverse effects
4. Gentamycin what will you watch for?
5. Administer Gentamycin how
1. GI, GI, CNS, **C.DIFF**
2. flagyl, prophylaxis
3. dark urine,
4. narrow window, urin output, balance, hearing
5. IM IV
207
1. Potent antibiotic
2. Adverse effects
3. Decrease risk of crystalluria
4. What is fluroquinolones good for?
1. **Fluroquinolones, not 1st line treatment**
2. photo, gi, crystalluria
3. increse fluid intake
4. tissue penetration, respiratory tract infection, inhibit DNA synthesis.
208
1. Antiseptic, antiinfective
2. Baceter...
3. Adverse Effect
4. Pyridium and urine
1. UTI's, **Macrodantin**
2. cidal, static
3. peripheral neruopathy,dizzy, drowsy RUSTY URINE
4. analgesic w/ antibiotic discolors urine. NOT ANTIMICROBIAL, take when symptoms are gone
209
1. Sulfanomides
2. What do sulfanomides treat
3. Silvadene
4. Action of sulf
1. Bactrim, Septra, bronchitis too
2. UTI-E.coli, otitis media, newborn eye prophylaxis
3. Topical, for burns
4. interefers with folic acid synthesis, -static
210
1. Amphotericin B category
2. administration
3. Action of amph B
4. Drug of choice for ringworm, alternative to ampho
5. why have fungal infections increased?
1. polyene, antifungal, RENAL, severe (mening in HIV patients)
2. IV only
3. binds to membrane allow leakage
4. ketoconazole
5. invasive procedures, immunosuppresants, broadspectrum antibiotics
211
1. This is an antiretroviral agent used to treat HIV
2. HAART
3. Cocktail for HAART
4. How long for use
5. Adverse Effects
1. AZT
2. Highly Active Antiretrioviral Therapy
3. 2 Rti's with Protease inhibitor
4. lifetime
5. drug interaction, anemia neutropenia, anorexia,liver, lactic acidosis
212
HAART
1. Action
2. Safety
3. Assess
1. undetectable viral lode, improves CD4 count
2. does not prevent trasnmission, need refular follow up exams
3. hypersenstivity
213
Neurominidase inhibitors
1. What does it treat
2. when should you take it
3. How does it treat?
1. release of virus from infected cells
2. within 48 hours of flu symptoms
3. Inhibits the enzyme, may alter virus Particle
214
1. Antiviral, Antiherpes
2. Route
3. action
4. Treats
5. Adverse effects
1. acyclovir,
2. Topical, oral IV (oral prevents recurrence)
3. varicella zoster, EBV, herpes
4. gingival hyperplasia, encourage fluids, renal BUN
215
1. AntiTB bacteria
2. How is it transmitted
3. Cell wall
4. How long for treatment
5. Approach
1. Acid Fast Bacillus (rods)
2. droplet
3. Thick, resitat to penetration by antiinfectives
4. 6-24 months
5. Use combo drugs
216
1. What is Isoniazide
2. Action
3. Route
4. Labs
5. SE
1. prophylaxis antiTB
2. inhibts mycobacterial cell wall synthesis and intereferes with metabolism
3. First oral drug affective against TB
4. Liver enzymes, Sputum samples morning
5. Peripheral neuropathy **b6**
217
# 1. Expectorants drugs
2. Define Expectorant
3. Has both Adrenergic and Corticosteroid
1. Robitussin,
2. Liquefy secretions, increases respiratory tract fluid
3. Symbicort, Advair
