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Pharm Block 1 (SNS - Drug) Flashcards

1
Q

Catecholamines

A

NE (Primary)
Epinephrine (released from the adrenal medulla)
Dopamine (Renal vascular smooth muscle)

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2
Q

Direct-acting Catecholamines

A

Epinephrine (a & B, B2 - predominant__ vasodilation)

NE (a & B, a - predominant)

Dopamine (a, B, D depending dose)

Isoproterenol (Non-selective, B1 & B2, B1 = B2)

Dobutamine (Synthetic, Selective B1)

Dipivefrin (Prodrug)

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3
Q

Direct-acting Non-Catecholamines (Agonist)

A 
Phenylephrine (Synthetic, a1)
Oxymetazoline (a1 & a2)
Midodrine (a1)
Clonidine (a2 presynaptic receptors in the brain stem)
Brimonidine (Ocular a2)
Mirabegron (B3)
Fenoldopam (D1)
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4
Q

Direct-acting NON-catecholamines (B2 Agonist)

Short-acting

A

Albuterol (DOC for acute respiratory relief - COPD, asthma)

Levalbuterol

Terbutaline (Suppress premature birth)

MOA - Bronchodilation
Clinical - Asthma, COPD

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5
Q

Direct-acting NON-Catecholamines (B2 Agonist)

Long-acting

A

Arformoterol (Approved COPD only)

Formoterol (NOT approved for Asthma)

Salmeterol (30 min for Asthma, 2 hrs for COPD)

Indacterol (Approved COPD only)

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6
Q

Indirect-acting Agonist

A

Methamphetamine
Tyramine (Not marketed)
Cocaine

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7
Q

Mixed Action Agonist

A

Ephedrine
Ephedra
Pseudoephedrine

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8
Q

Adrenergic Antagonist

a blockers

A

Phenoxybenzamine (Non-selective, Irreversible, a1 & a2 antagonist) - Management of Pheochromocytoma

Phentolamine (Non-selective, Competitive a1 & a2 antagonist) - Diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma

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9
Q

a1-blockers

A

(-zosin)

Prazosin (Treatment of PTSD, NOT approved for BPH)

Doxazosin (XL only for BPH)

Terazosin (Approved for BPH and HTN)

Alfuzosin (Approved only for BPH, NOT selective for the a1A receptor)

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10
Q

a1A-blocker

A

(-Osin)

Tamsulosin (IFIS, Least effect on BP)

Silodosin(Contraindicated in px w/ severe hepatic and renal impairment)

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11
Q

Non-specific B-blockers B1 & B2

A

(-olol)

Propranolol (lipophlic - Crosses BBB, useful for migraine, prophylaxis)

Nadolol (Long half-life —> Approved for migraine, prophylaxis)

Timolol (PO rarely used)

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12
Q

Selective B1- blocker

A

Atenolol

Betaxolol (B21 selectivity —> advantageous compared to timiolol ophthalmic)

Bisoprolol (Lipophilic —> Crosses BBB)

Esmolol (Short half-life, Approved for use in thyroid storm)

Metoprolol

Nebbiolo (NO, Vasodilatory effect)

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13
Q

B-blockers w/ ISA

A

Acebutolol (B1-specific Blockade)

Pindolol (Non-specific B-blockade)

Penbutolol (Non-specific B-blockade)

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14
Q

Mixed a1 and non-specific B-blockers

A

(Vowel-lol)

Carvedilol

Labetalol
(Clinical)
-Severe Hypertension (IV); Hypertension (PO)-during Pregnancy

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15
Q

Epinephrine

A 
Agonist (a & B)
B2 Vasodilation (Lower Dose)
A1 Vasoconstriction (Higher)
Increase in BP (Net Effect)
Reduces P in open-angle Glaucoma (Dilates pupil)
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16
Q

NE

A

DIrect-acting Catecholamines
A & B receptors (a - predominates)
Short-term treatment of shock (hypotension)
Arrhythmia (Dopamine&raquo_space; NE)

17
Q

Dopamine

A

Direct-acting Catecholamines
A, B, D receptors depending on dose
Alternative to NE

18
Q

Isoproterenol

A

Direct-acting Catecholamines

Non-Selective B1 and B2
Temporary use in 3rd degree AV block until pacemaker insertion

19
Q

Dobutamine

A

Synthetic, Selective B1

Increase CO in ADHF (Heart Failure)

20
Q

Dipivefrin

A

Prodrug metabolized to epinephrine
Contract the radial muscle
Clinical (Open-angle Glaucoma)

21
Q

Clonidine

A

A2 presynaptic receptors (Brain stem)
ADHD (Pediatric)
Do NOT discontinue long-term clonidine use suddenly

22
Q

Fenoldopam

A

D1 agonist

Treatment in hospital, short-term management of SEVERE Hypertension

23
Q

Albuterol

A

Direct-acting NON-Catecholamines

DOC for acute respiratory relief (COPD, asthma)

24
Q

Terbutaline

A

Short-acting

Suppress premature birth

25
Q

Methamphetamine

A

Indirect-acting agonists
C-II
Contraindicated in px w/ hypertension, CV disease, Hyperthyroidism, and Glaucoma

26
Q

Tyramine (Not Marketed)

A

Indirect-acting agonists
Found in fermented foods

Px w/ MAOI and eat tyramine —>. Hypertensive crisis —> Medical Emergency

27
Q

Cocaine

A

Indirect-acting Agonists

Fatal dose: 1.2g
Severe toxic: as low as 20 mg

Topical anesthesia to accessible mucous membranes of oral, laryngeal, and nasal cavities

28
Q

Ephedra

A

1) Weight loss
2) Energy booster
3) Enhance athletic performance

Mixed Action Agonists
Direct acting a and B agonist

IPAP (27 decks)

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