Pharm Block 1 (Parasympathetic - Intro) Flashcards
PNS & SNS
Receptors
- Nn (nicotinic neural)
- Nm (nicotinic muscle)
- M (muscarinic)
- alpha, beta, D(dopamine)
PNS and SNS
6 most common Neurotransmitters
- Ach(acetylcholine)
- NE (norepinephrine) & Epi (epinephrine)
- D (dopamine)
- Serotonin
- Histamine
- y-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
PNS
- Preganglionic nerves leave the CNS from the ____ and _____ regions
- Preganglionic nerves are ____; Postganglionic ____
- Cranial, Sacral
2. Long, Short
SNS
- Preganglionic nerves leave the CNS from ____ and ____ regions
- Preganglionic nerves are ____; Postganglionic ___
- Thoracic, Lumbar
2. Short, Long
_____ are secreted by specialized endocrine cells into the blood that travel throughout the body exerting effects on broadly distributed target cells in the body
Hormone
Ex)Insulin, thyroid hormone
Local mediators
- rapidly destroyed
- do NOT enter the blood and travel throughout the body
Ex) histamine
Acetylcholine Metabolism
What does Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) do during Acetylcholine Metabolism?
Hydrolysis or breakdown Ach
What does Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors (AChEI) do during Acetylcholine Metabolism?
Prevent Ach from being hydrolyzed
- Prolongs action of Ach at muscarinic receptor site
- Indirect Agonist
Muscarinic receptors
M1
- Nerves
- Secretion from salivary glands and stomach
- CNS effects? (Memory)
M2
- Cardiac cells
- Bladder
- Smooth Muscle
M3
- Bladder
- Exocrine glands
- Smooth muscle
M4 & M5
- Not well described
- CNS effects?
An _________ gland secretes its products (hormone) DIRECTLY into the bloodstream (ductless gland), whereas an ____________ gland secretes its products (digestive enzymes) into a duct that leads to the environment
Endocrine, Exocrine
Cholinergic Agents modulate Ach effects into these
- MImic (agonist)
- Antagonize (antagonist)
- Prolong Actions (indirect agonist)
Drugs that mimic or prolong the actions of Ach
Parasympathomimetics or cholinomimetics
