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IPAP > PE Exam 2 > Flashcards

PE Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Kussamaul Breathing

A

Deep, labored sighing respiration

A compensatory response to Metabolic Acidosis

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2
Q

Periodic (Cheyenne-Strokes) breathing

Respiration are interrupted by _______

A

Cyclic HYPERventilation followed by Compensatory Apnea

Periods of Apnea

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3
Q

Obstructive Breathing

A

Expiration is prolonged because of narrowed airways

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4
Q

Restrictive Breathing

A

Reduced lung capacity

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5
Q

Painful respiration

A

Otherwise normal respiration interrupted by the pain of thoracic movement

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6
Q

Abnormal rate

Reduce CO2 in the blood due to INC rate and depth of respiration

A

HYPERpnea, HYPERventilation

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7
Q

Dyspnea while laying flat

A

Orthopnea

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8
Q

Paroxysmal Noctural Dyspnea (PND)

A

SUDDEN ONSET of Dyspnea while sleeping

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9
Q

Platypnea

Dyspnea worse w/ _______________

A

Upright posture (Pericarditis)

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10
Q

Signs of Respiratory Compromise

A

Retractions of the interspaces and
Use of accessory muscles during inspiration

Pursing or Cyanosis of the LIPs

Nasal Flaring

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11
Q

Depression in lower sternum; Compresses the heart and great vessels and may cause murmurs (Pushing away heart, lung, Major vasculature s)

A

Pectus Excavatum

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12
Q

Pectus Carinatum

A

Sternum displaced anteriorly

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13
Q

Flail Chest

A

Multiple rib fractures —> paradoxical movements of the thorax

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14
Q

Fremitus (Increased/louder)

A

Pneumonia

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15
Q

Fremitus

Decreased or absent

A

PE, Pneumothorax, COPD, Asthma

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16
Q

Soft and low-pitched sounds heard through inspiration

A

Vesicular

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17
Q

Louder and high in pitch w/ a short silence between inspiration and expiration

A

Bronchial

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18
Q

Very loud and high in pitch

A

Tracheal

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19
Q

Adventitious sounds

Discontinuousm intermittent, nonmusical, brief

A

Crackles

Pneumonia, Fibrosis, Early CHF, Bronchitis

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20
Q

Continuous, Musical, and Prolonged

A

Wheezes and Rhonchi (Obstruction)

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21
Q

Relative high-pitched w/ shrill quality

A

Narrowed airways from Asthma, COPD

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22
Q

Lower-pitched w/ a snoring quality

A

Rhonchi — Secretions in the larger airways

23
Q

Marfan;s

A

Aortic Regurgitation/Dissection

24
Q

Down’s

A

ASD/VSD

25
Q

Turner

A

Coarctation of aorta

26
Q

Spondyloarthritides (Ankylosing Spondylitis)

A

Aortic Regurgitation

27
Q

Redness on cheeks

A

Malar Flush

Mitral Stenosis

28
Q

Yellow lipids around eyes/palm

A

Xanthomata

HYPERlipidemia

29
Q

Ring around cornea

A

Corneal Arcus

Age, HYPERlipidemia

30
Q

Sings of Infective Endocarditis

A

Clubbing —
Splinter Hemorrhages — Streak hemorrhages in nailbed

Janeway Lesions — Non-tender macules on hand/fingers

Osler’s Nodes - Tender nodules in fingers

31
Q

Structure

Needle Tension Pneumothorax —

Chest tube —

Most prominent spinous process —

Inferior tip of scapula —

A

2 ICS (MCL)

4 ICS (MAL)

C7

7th rib

32
Q

Lungs

(A)

Apex — _____ above clavicle

Lower border (2)

(P)

Lower border —

Oblique fissures —

A

2cm above clavicle

6th rib (MCL) & 8th rib (MAL)

(P)

T10 (Lower border)

T3 (Oblique fissures)

33
Q

Midsystolic, Click, Radiates to Carotid (Carotid Bruits), 2RICS

A

Aortic Stenosis

34
Q

Diastolic, 2RICS, Blowing, Carotid pulse (Waterhammer)

A

Aortic Regurgiation

35
Q

Midsystolic, 2LICS, Click, Radiate to L Shoulder/Neck

A

Pulmonic Stenosis

36
Q

Diastolic, 2LICS, Blowing, Rare

A

Pulmonic Regurgitation

37
Q

Diastolic, Erb’s, Blowing, Pulse in neck (Waterhammer)

A

Aortic Regurgitation

38
Q

Diastolic, Erb’s, Blowing, Rare

A

Pulmonic Regurgiation

39
Q

Midsystolic, Erbs, Cres-Decres w/ Thrill, INC Valsalva/Stand (—Preload)

A

HCM

40
Q

Holosystolic, LLSB, Blowing, INC Inspiration

A

Tricuspid Regurgiation

41
Q

Mid-diastolic, LLSB, Opening snap

A

Tricuspid Stenosis

42
Q

Holosystolic, LLSB, Thrill

A

VSD

43
Q

Diastolic (Mid/Late), Apex, Opening Sanp, Decres, Rumbling, Low-pitched

A

Mitral Stenosis (Bell — Low rumble)

44
Q

Holosystolic, Apex, Harsh, Radiation to axilla

A

Mitral Regurgiation

45
Q

Resonant, Vesicular, Normal Fremitus, Crackles(Late inspiration) wheezes maybe

A

L HF

46
Q

Dull to percussion, Bronchial Sounds, Crackles (Late Inspiration), Fremitus (INC)

A

Lobar Pneumonia

47
Q

Dull to percussion, Shift toward (Trachea), Absent (Breath sounds), Absent (Fremitus) RU = increases day

A

Atelectasis partial Lobar Obstruction

48
Q

Hyperresonant, Decrease/absent (breath sounds), Decreased/absent Fremitus

A

COPD

49
Q

Hyperresonant, Decrease/absent (breath sounds), Decreased/absent Fremitus. Tension (Away from Trachea)

A

Pneumothorax

50
Q

Resonant (Maybe Hyper)

Wheezing breath sounds

Wheezes (maybe crackles) — Adventitious sounds

Dec/absent (Fremitus)

A

Asthma

51
Q

Paradoxical Split (S2)

Syncope + 75 yo

A

Aortic Stenosis

52
Q

Paradoxical Split (S2)

Delay on L -> R squeezed so Pulm closes first (not normal) so will the tricuspid

A

LBBB (MC reason)

53
Q

NO murmur, Fixed/Wide S2

A

ASD

IPAP (27 decks)

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