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PHARM BASICS Flashcards

1
Q

Time it takes for amount of drug to fall to half of its value, constant in first order kinetics (majority of drugs)

A

Half-life (T1/2)

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2
Q

Relates the amount of drug in the body to the plasma concentration

A

Volume of distribution (VD)

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3
Q

Plasma concentration of a drug at a given time

A

Cp

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4
Q

The ratio of the rate of elimination of a drug to its plasma concentration

A

Clearance (CL)

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5
Q

The elimination of drug that occurs before it reaches the systemic circulation

A

First pass effect

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6
Q

The fraction of unchanged drug that reaches systemic circulation after administration

A

Bioavailability (F)

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7
Q

When the rate of drug input equals the rate of drug elimination

A

Steady state

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8
Q

Different steps of Phase I

A

Oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis

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9
Q

Barbiturates, phenytoin, carbamazepine, and rifampin all do this

A

Induce CYP450

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10
Q

Cimetidine, ketoconazole, isoniazid, and grapefruit all do this

A

Inhibit CYP450

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11
Q

Name 3 Phase II conjugation reactions

A

Glucuronidation, acetylation, glutathione conjugation, glycine conjugation, sulfation, methylation, water conjugation

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12
Q

Constant percentage of drug metabolized per unit time

A

First order kinetics

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13
Q

Constant amount of drug metabolized per unit time

A

Zero order kinetics

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14
Q

Target plasma concentration times (volume of distribution divided by bioavailability)

A

Loading dose (Cp*(Vd/F))

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15
Q

Concentration in the plasma times (clearance divided by bioavailability)

A

Maintenance dose (Cp*(CL/F))

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16
Q

Strength of interaction between drug and its receptor

A

Affinity

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17
Q

Selectivity of a drug for its receptor

A

Specificity

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18
Q

Amount of drug necessary to elicit a biologic effect compared with another drug

A

Potency

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19
Q

Ability of drug to produce the maximal biologic effect

A

Efficacy

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20
Q

Ability of a drug to produce maximal response after binding to the receptor

A

Full agonist

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21
Q

Ability to produce less than maximal response after binding to the receptor

A

Partial agonist

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22
Q

Ability to bind reversibly to the same site as the drug and without activating the effector system

A

Competitive antagonist

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23
Q

Ability to bind irreversibly to the active site or bind to a site distinctly separate from the agonist binding site

A

Noncompetitive antagonist

24
Q

Mechanism of action (MOA) utilizes intracellular receptors

A

Steroid and hormones

25
Q

Mechanism of action (MOA) utilizes transmembrane receptors that have intrinsic enzymatic activity

A

Insulin, EGF, TGFbeta, PDGF, ANP

26
Q

Mechanism of action (MOA) utilizes ligand gated ion channels

A

Acetylcholine, nicotine

27
Q

Dose which produces therapeutic response in 50% of the population

28
Q

Dose which is toxic in 50% of the population

29
Q

Dose which is lethal to 50% of the population

30
Q

Window between therapeutic effect and toxic effect

A

Therapeutic index

31
Q

Drugs that have a high margin of safety is indicated by

A

High therapeutic index

32
Q

Drugs that have a narrow margin of safety is indicated by

A

Low therapeutic index

33
Q

Antidote used for lead poisoning (without encephalopathy)

A

Dimercaprol, Edetate calcium disodium, or succimer

34
Q

Antidote used for cyanide poisoning

A

Nitrites, sodium thiosulfate, hydroxocobalamin (cyanokit)

35
Q

Antidote used for anticholinergic poisoning

A

Physostigmine

36
Q

Antidote used for organophosphate/anticholinesterase poisoning

A

Atropine, pralidoxime (2-PAM)

37
Q

Antidote used for iron salt toxicity

A

Deferoxamine

38
Q

Antidote used for acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity

A

N-acetylcysteine

39
Q

Antidote for severe lead poisoning (with encephalopathy)

A

Dimercaprol AND CaEDTA (edetate calcium disodium)

40
Q

Antidote for arsenic, mercury, and gold poisoning

A

Dimercaprol

41
Q

Antidote used in Wilson’s disease (copper poisoning)

A

Penicillamine

42
Q

Antidote used for heparin toxicity

A

Protamine Sulfate

43
Q

Antidote used for warfarin toxicity

A

Vitamin K and Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)

44
Q

Antidote for tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), streptokinase

A

Aminocaproic acid

45
Q

Antidote used for methanol and ethylene glycol toxicity

46
Q

Antidote used for opioid toxicity

A

Naloxone (IV), naltrexone (PO)

47
Q

Antidote used for benzodiazepine toxicity

A

Flumazenil

48
Q

Antidote used for tricyclic antidepressants (TCA)

A

Sodium bicarbonate

49
Q

Antidote used for carbon monoxide poisoning

A

100% O2 and hyperbaric O2

50
Q

Antidote used for digitalis toxicity

A

Digibind (also need to d/c digoxin, normalize K+, and lidocaine if pt. Is arrhythmic)

51
Q

Antidote used for beta agonist toxicity (eg. Metaproterenol)

52
Q

Antidote for methotrexate toxicity

A

Leucovorin

53
Q

Antidote for beta-blocker overdose and hypoglycemia

54
Q

Antidote useful for some drug induced Torsade de pointes

A

Magnesium sulfate

55
Q

Antidote for hyperkalemia

A

sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)

56
Q

Method to reduce salicylate intoxication

A

Alkalinize urine, dialysis

Pharm (12 decks)

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