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Pharm > ADRENERGIC - Sheet1 > Flashcards

ADRENERGIC - Sheet1 Flashcards

1
Q

This agent has greater affinity for muscarinic receptors and used for postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention

A

Bethanechol

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2
Q

Muscarinic that is very lipid soluble and used in glaucoma

A

Pilocarpine

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3
Q

Muscarinic used to treat dry mouth in Sjögren’s syndrome

A

Pilocarpine or Cevimeline

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4
Q

Indirect-Acting ACh Agonist, alcohol, short DOA and used in diagnosis of myasthenia gravis

A

Edrophonium

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5
Q

Carbamate with intermediate action and used as off-label for postoperative paralytic ileus and urinary retention

A

Neostigmine

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6
Q

Treatment of atropine overdose and glaucoma (because lipid soluable). Enters the CNS rapidly and has a stimulant effect, which may lead to convulsions

A

Physostigmine

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7
Q

Treatment of myasthenia gravis and sometimes used prophylactically for organophosphate poisoning in chemical warfare

A

Pyridostigmine

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8
Q

Antiglaucoma organophosphate, indicated but not used much clinically anymore due to long duration of action

A

Echothiophate

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9
Q

Insecticide organophosphate

A

Malathion, parathion

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10
Q

Toxicity of cholinergics

A

DUMBELSS (diarrhea, urination, miosis, bronchoconstriction, excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS, lacrimation, salivation, and sweating)

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11
Q

The most important cause of acute deaths in cholinesterase inhibitor toxicity

A

Respiratory failure

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12
Q

Treatment of muscarinic symptoms in organophosphate overdose

A

Atropine

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13
Q

This agent competes for phosphorylated cholinesterase enzyme and regenerates enzyme if organophosphate-enzymes complex has not “aged”

A

Pralidoxime

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14
Q

Prototypical drug is atropine

A

Nonselective Muscarinic Antagonists

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15
Q

Treat manifestations of Parkinson’s disease and EPS

A

Benztropine, trihexyphenidyl

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16
Q

Treatment of motion sickness

A

Scopolamine

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17
Q

Produce mydriasis and cycloplegia

A

Atropine and other anti-muscarinic agents

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18
Q

Bronchodilation in asthma and COPD

A

Ipratropium, tiotropium

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19
Q

Reduce transient hyper GI motility

A

Dicyclomine, methscopolamine

20
Q

Cystitis, postoperative bladder spasms, or incontinence

A

Oxybutynin, dicyclomine

21
Q

Toxicity of anticholinergics

A

Anti-DUMBBELSS

22
Q

Another pneumonic for anticholinergic toxicity

A

dry as a bone, red as a beet, mad as a hatter, hot as a hare, blind as a bat

23
Q

Atropine fever is the most dangerous effect and can be lethal in this population group

A

Infants

24
Q

Contraindications to use of atropine

A

Infants, closed angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy

25
Q

Ganglion blockers that were indicated (but not anymore) for severe hypertension

A

Hexamethonium, trimethaphan

26
Q

Reversal of blockade by neuromuscular blockers

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors

27
Q

Tubocurarine is the prototype, pancuronium, atracurium, vecuronium are newer short acting agent, produce competitive block at end plate nicotinic receptor, causing flaccid paralysis

A

Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blockers

28
Q

Only member of depolarizing neuromuscular blocker, causes fasciculation during induction and muscle pain after use

A

Succinylcholine

29
Q

Pneumonic for beta receptors

A

You have 1 heart (Beta 1) and 2 lungs (Beta 2)

30
Q

This is the drug of choice for anaphylactic shock

A

Epinephrine

31
Q

Phenylisopropylamines that are used legitimately and abused for narcolepsy, attention deficit disorder, and weight reduction

A

Amphetamines

32
Q

Alpha agonist used to produce mydriasis and reduce conjunctival itching and congestion caused by irritation or allergy, it does not cause cycloplegia

A

Phenylephrine

33
Q

Epinephrine and dipivefrin are used for

A

Glaucoma

34
Q

Newer alpha 2 agonist (apraclonidine and brimonidine) treat glaucoma

A

Reduce aqueous synthesis

35
Q

Short acting Beta 2 agonists that is drug of choice in treatment of acute asthma but not recommended for prophylaxis

A

Albuterol

36
Q

Longer acting Beta 2 agonists is recommended for prophylaxis of asthma

A

Salmeterol

37
Q

These agents increase blood flow and may be beneficial in treatment of acute heart failure and some types of shock

A

Beta1 agonists

38
Q

These agents decrease blood flow or increase blood pressure, are local decongestant, and used in therapy of spinal shock (temporary maintenance of blood pressure which may help maintain perfusion)

A

Alpha1 agonists

39
Q

Shock due to septicemia or myocardial infarction is made worse by

A

Increasing afterload and tissue perfusion declines

40
Q

Often mixed with local anesthetic to

A

Reduce the loss from area of injection

41
Q

Chronic orthostatic hypotension can be treated with

A

Midodrine

42
Q

Beta 2 agonist used to suppress premature labor, but cardiac stimulatory effects may be hazardous to mother and fetus

A

Terbutaline

43
Q

Long acting sympathomimetic, sometimes used to improve urinary continence in children and elderly with enuresis

A

Ephedrine

44
Q

Alpha 1 agonist toxicity

A

Hypertension

45
Q

Beta 1 agonist toxicity

A

Sinus tachycardia and serious arrhythmias

46
Q

Beta 2 agonist toxicity

A

Skeletal muscle tremor

47
Q

The selective agents lose their selectivity at

A

high doses

Pharm (12 decks)

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