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Pharm > ANTIHYP > Flashcards

ANTIHYP Flashcards

1
Q

Inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)

A

ACE inhibitors

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2
Q

Captopril and enalapril (-PRIL ending) are

A

ACE inhibitors

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3
Q

SE of ACE inhibitors

A

Dry cough, hyperkalemia

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4
Q

ACE inhibitors are contraindicated in

A

pregnancy and with hyperkalemia

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5
Q

Losartan and valsartan block

A

AT1 receptors

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6
Q

Side effect associated with ACEI but not ARBs

A

Dry cough

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7
Q

Block L-type calcium channel

A

Calcium channel blockers

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8
Q

CCB with predominate effect on arteriole dilation

A

Nifedipine

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9
Q

SE of CCB

A

Constipation, edema, and headache

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10
Q

Reduce heart rate, contractility, and O2 demand

A

Beta-blockers

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11
Q

Cardioselective Beta 1-blockers

A

Atenolol, acebutolol, and metoprolol

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12
Q

Beta-blockers should be used cautiously in

A

Asthma (bronchospastic effects), diabetes (block signs of hypoglycemia) and peripheral vascular disease

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13
Q

Non-selective Beta-blocker also used for migraine prophylaxis

A

Propranolol

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14
Q

SE of beta blockers

A

Bradycardia, SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION, decrease in HDL, and increase in Triglycerols (TG)

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15
Q

Alpha 1selective blockers

A

Prazosin, terazosin and doxazosin

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16
Q

Non-selective Alpha1blockers use to treat pheochromocytoma

A

Phenoxybenzamine

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17
Q

For rebound HTN from rapid clonidine withdrawal

A

Phentolamine

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18
Q

A1a-selective blocker used for BPH

A

Tamsulosin (Flomax)

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19
Q

SE of alpha blockers

A

Orthostatic hypotension (especially with first dose) and reflex tachycardia

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20
Q

Presynaptic Alpha 2 agonist used in HTN

A

Clonidine, and methyldopa

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21
Q

SE of methyldopa

A

Positive Comb’s test, depression

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22
Q

Methyldopa is contraindicated in

A

Geriatrics due to its CNS (depression) effects

23
Q

SE of clonidine

A

Rebound HTN, sedation, dry mouth

24
Q

Direct vasodilator of arteriolar smooth muscle

A

Hydralazine

25
Q

SE of hydralazine

A

Lupus-like syndrome

26
Q

Arterial vasodilator that works by opening K+ channels

A

Minoxidil

27
Q

SE of minoxidil

A

Hypertrichosis

28
Q

IV Drug used Hypertensive Crisis

A

Nitroprusside

29
Q

Nitroprusside vasodilates

A

Arteries and veins

30
Q

Toxicity caused by nitroprusside and treatment

A

Cyanide toxicity treated with sodium thiosulfate

31
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

A

Acetazolamide

32
Q

Diuretic used as prophylactic for mountain sickness and glaucoma

A

Acetazolamide

33
Q

Side effects of acetazolamide

A

Paresthesias, alkalization of the urine (which may ppt. Ca2+ salts), hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis, and encephalopathy in patients with hepatic impairment

34
Q

Mechanism of action of loop diuretics

A

inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter

35
Q

Diuretic used in hypertensive patients with renal failure

A

Loop diuretics (furosemide, ethacrynic acid, butmetanide)

36
Q

Site of action of loop diuretics

A

Thick ascending limb

37
Q

Side effects of loop (furosemide) diuretics

A

Hyperuricemia, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis and ototoxicity

38
Q

Aminoglycosides used with loop diuretics potentiate this adverse effect

A

Ototoxicity

39
Q

An electrolyte that is lost in the urine by acute treatment with loop diuretics but can be retained by thiazides

A

Calcium

40
Q

Mechanism of action of thiazide diuretics

A

Inhibit Na+/Cl- cotransport

41
Q

Diuretic used as first line for treatment of hypertension

A

Thiazides

42
Q

Site of action of thiazide diuretics

A

Early distal convoluted tubule

43
Q

Class of drugs that may cause cross-sensitivity with thiazide diuretics

A

Sulfonamides

44
Q

Side effects of thiazide (HCTZ) diuretics

A

Hyperuricemia, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia

45
Q

Mechanism of action of amiloride

A

Inhibit epithelial sodium channels in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting duct

46
Q

Mechanism of action of spironolactone

A

Inhibit mineralocorticoid receptor and inhibit Na/K-ATPase and ENaC synthesis

47
Q

Diuretic used to treat primary aldosteronism

A

Spironolactone, eplerenone

48
Q

Side effect of spironolactone

A

Gynecomastia hyperkalemia, and impotence

49
Q

Diuretic used to reduce intracranial pressure

A

Mannitol

50
Q

ADH agonist used for central diabetes insipidus

A

Desmopressin (DDAVP)

51
Q

Agents used for SIADH

A

Tolvaptan and conivaptan

52
Q

An early generation tetracyclin that may be used for chronic persistant SIADH

A

demeclocycline

53
Q

Side effect of demeclocycline

A

Bone marrow and teeth discoloration for children under 8 years of age

Pharm (12 decks)

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