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Pharm > CARDIAC > Flashcards

CARDIAC Flashcards

1
Q

MOA of class I A (eg. Procainamide), class IB (eg. Lidocaine), and class IC (eg. Flecainide) antiarrhythmics

A

Sodium channel blockers

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2
Q

SE of procainamide

A

Lupus-like syndrome

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3
Q

Limiting side effect of Quinidine

A

Prolongs QT interval

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4
Q

Other side effects of Quinidine

A

Thrombocytopenic purpura, and CINCHONISM

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5
Q

Major drug interaction with Quinidine

A

Increases concentration of Digoxin

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6
Q

DOC for management of acute Ventricular arrhythmias

A

Lidocaine

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7
Q

DOC for digoxin induced arrhythmias

A

Phenytoin

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8
Q

SE of phenytoin

A

Gingival hyperplasia

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9
Q

Class of anti-arrhythmics that has a pro-arrhythmic effect (CAST trial), therefore are used as last line agents

A

Class IC (flecainide, propafenone, moricizine)

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10
Q

Class II antiarrhythmics are

A

B-blockers

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11
Q

Antiarrhythmic that exhibits Class II and III properties

A

Sotalol

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12
Q

Side effect of sotalol

A

prolongs QT and PR interval

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13
Q

Used intravenously for acute arrhythmias during surgery

A

Esmolol

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14
Q

Anti-arrhythmics that decrease mortality

A

B-blockers

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15
Q

MOA of class III antiarrhythmics

A

Potassium channel blockers

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16
Q

Class III antiarrhythmic that exhibits properties of all 4 classes

A

Amiodarone

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17
Q

Specific pharmacokinetic characteristic of amiodarone

A

Prolonged half-life, up to six weeks

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18
Q

Antiarrhythmic effective in most types of arrhythmia

A

Amiodarone

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19
Q

SE of Amiodarone

A

Thyroid dysfunction, photosensitivity, skin (blue smurf syndrome), corneal deposits, liver damage and pulmonary fibrosis

20
Q

MOA of class IV antiarrhythmics

A

Calcium channel blockers

21
Q

Life threatening cardiac event that prolong QT leads to

A

Torsades de pointes

22
Q

Agent to treat torsades de pointes

A

Magnesium sulfate

23
Q

Drug used supraventricular arrhythmias

A

Digoxin

24
Q

DOC for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)

A

Adenosine

25
Q

Adenosine’s MOA

A

Activates acetylcholine sensitive K+ channels in SA and AV node

26
Q

Anti-arrhythmic with <10 second duration of action

A

Adenosine

27
Q

MOA of sildenafil (Viagra)

A

Inhibits phosphodiesterase-5, enhancing effects of nitric oxide-activated increases in cGMP

28
Q

Drugs used in the management of angina

A

Aspirin, Nitrates, CCB, and Beta blockers

29
Q

Aspirin reduces mortality in unstable angina by

A

Platelet aggregation inhibition

30
Q

MOA of nitrates

A

Relax vascular smooth muscle, at low doses dilate veins and at high doses dilate arterioles

31
Q

Nitrate used for acute anginal attacks

A

Nitroglycerin sublingual tablets

32
Q

Nitrate used to prevent further attacks

A

Oral and transdermal forms of nitroglycerin

33
Q

Nitrate free intervals are needed due to

A

Tolerance

34
Q

SE of nitrates

A

Postural hypotension, reflex tachycardia, hot flashes, and throbbing headache due to meningeal artery dilation

35
Q

CCB are DOC for

A

Prinzmetal’s angina

36
Q

Beta blockers are used for which type of anginal attack

A

Classic

37
Q

MOA of Cardiac glycosides (eg. digoxin)

A

Indirectly increase intracellular calcium and cardiac contractility by inhibit Na+/K+ ATPase

38
Q

Digoxin is used in

A

Atrial fibrillation and CHF

39
Q

Digoxin toxicity can be precipitated by

A

Hypokalemia

40
Q

Antidote for digoxin toxicity

A

Digibind

41
Q

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors that increase mortality and have been found to have NO beneficial effects

A

Amrinone and milrinone

42
Q

SE of amrinone

A

Thrombocytopenia

43
Q

Beta 1 agonists used in acute CHF

A

Dobutamine and dopamine

44
Q

Diuretics work in CHF by

A

Reducing preload

45
Q

Beta blockers work in CHF by

A

Reducing progression of heart failure (never use in acute heart failure)

46
Q

Agent used in CHF that is a selective alpha and nonselective beta blocker

A

Carvedilol

47
Q

Agent used in acutely decompensated CHF resembling natriuretic peptide

A

Nesiritide (Natrecor)

Pharm (12 decks)

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