pharm Flashcards
how does carbamazepine work?
reduces the ability of sodium channels to recover from inactivation - just like phenytoin
what is a big danger of carbamazepine?
can cause aplastic anemia
just like parvovirus b19
pharm of carbamazepine
p450 inducer
drug drug interaction with carbamazepine
p450 inducer
first order kinetics
fixed proportion metabolized - i.e. as you increase amount you increase metabolized proportionally (linear rate change-diagonal)
zero-order kinetics
fixed amount metabolized and eliminated regardless of dose
dopamine effect of vasculature?
vasodilation
this way by administering carbidopa (a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor) we can avoid hypotension :)
and hotflashes
and nausea and vomiting
and taucharrhythmias - all of which are associated with systemic dopa effects
Haloperidol
D2 receptor antagonist -
D2 antagonism better at modulating positive symptoms (voices)
Negative symptoms treatment in psychosis?
5HT2 antagonism
side effects of low potency antipsychotics (chlorpromazine / thioridazine)
anti-histaminergic –> sleepy
anti-cholinergic - no pee/see/spit/shit
anti-alpha-1–>orthostatic hypotension
do not give to old people
side effects of high potency first generation antipsychotics? (haloperidol / fluphenezine)
extrapyrimidal
- acute dystonia
- akathisia
- parkinsonism
side effect of second generation antipsychotics?
hyperglycemia
Signs of lithium toxicity and why would you have lithium toxicity
Ataxia / tremors / fasciculations - chronic toxicity
acute - GI
Why? Overdose volume depletion drug interactions - Thiazide / NSAIDs / ACE-i / Tetracyclines / metronidazole
High arteriovenous concentration gradient of anesthetic indicates
That more is being extracted by the body and that it takes more time for the blood to become saturate - slowing the onset of action
High blood/gas partition coefficient corresponds
to the solubility of anesthetic in the blood - a high coefficient indicates the anesthetic is absorbed to a greater extent by the blood and has a slower onset of action - deeper sink